Studies in

The work searches for the structure of the event and its analogies in the text, trying to benefit from (Todorov's) study of patterns, which were identified by three styles: (inclusion, rotation and succession). The problem is related to uncovering the origins of the creative fictional text through the structural approach, in order to open a new horizon for analyzing the fictional text, which makes the text more effective. The revolution of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, is eternally immortal, not dead after successive ages, and it will not be forgotten, but rather becomes more lenient. Over the years. And the immortality of the Hussaini Revolution lies in many reasons, including its reform goal and its wise leadership, then its humanity, which it draws from values ​​and ideals, and the Hussaini Councils have a great impact on their perpetuation, especially in the days of Muharram and Safar, and these councils include preaching and counseling, knowledge of legislation and what a person needs in terms of science and concepts. Other, and the imams (peace be upon them) emphasized the revival and establishment of these councils in order to reinforce the eternity of the goals of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, and his revolution.

Arab women’s diasporic writing features a wide array of voices who rewrite the history of Arab diaspora in European countries. The voice of Iman Mersal and May Telmissany is very unique in Egyptian writings. Their works convey a different view of the Self and use literary techniques that invest in this experience to create a multitude of new visions to understand diaspora , given how they are humanist existential experiences that allow the artist to reconcile with the past, This study we will focus on analyzing  the use of the "photographic technique” as a tool of recalling home in as an example of Modern Egyptian Diaspora Literature to emphasize that recalling images of the past is a human psychological need for both modern and primitive humans. It bridges the gap created by alienation and deepened by diaspora and helps them overcome being uprooted from their birthplace and culture. To avoid an existential crisis, human beings create a state of recollection of that lost time through art, literature and legends. In this context, we are attempting to read the images of diaspora and alienation as expressed in standing by the ruins of old homes and recalling the past as a literary theme and deeply rooted poetic Arabic tradition. In this context, we are attempting to read the images of diaspora and alienation as expressed in standing by the ruins of old homes and recalling the past as a literary theme and deeply rooted poetic Arabic tradition.

This article explores the nature of the narrative techniques adopted by the writer "Abd al-Rahman Munif" in his novel Cities of Salt، and the significance of these techniques in terms of the fact that this novel is considered one of the important petroleum texts in post-colonial Arabic literature that deals with Western postcolonial discourse in general and the American discourse in particular. This novel has been the subject of profound debates in terms of its literary classification، but in-depth objective research proves that Cities of Salt is a magical، petroleum، post-colonial novel that addresses the negative social، economic and political impacts of oil discovery on the societies of the Arabian Peninsula. To this end، this article will shed light on the narrative tools that Munif used to communicate his post-colonial contradictory message through modern narration techniques such as magic realism، character formation، and multiple voices with the aim of presenting various perspectives of events by the author. In this way، Munif has presented an innovative narrative genre in Arab literature and a rare work on the international level، as very few Arab and international literary works have addressed the issue of oil، which has become considered as a taboo due to the American political pressure to prevent this sensitive issue from being discussed. On the other hand، in order to accurately explain the multiple layers، levels، and encodings embedded in Cities of Salt، this article will adopt Edward Said's theory known as contrapuntal reading، as a scientific methodology of research، with the aim of placing the novel in its appropriate socio-political place. This article will also build on concepts of magic realism by Stephen Slemon. It should also be noted that this article will touch on how Munif embodied the concept of inclusion، according to Todorov's narrative criticism theory، to explain how Munif incorporated minor stories into the general narration with the aim of shedding light on a specific point that serves the overall purpose of the narration. And of course، putting a work in its proper literary position contributes to establishing a kind of civilized mutual understanding between East and West through the current and future cultural dialogue، in a world where the struggle and resistance against hegemony، imperialism and aggressive wars are the main engines that generate global crises and many disasters and tragedies again and again، especially in the West Asia region.

The semiotic method is one of the most important methods that approach heritage texts, approaches that enabled researchers to reread and interpret new interpretation. This article deals with the analysis of the Maqama {old type of story} of Eid by Ibn Morabea Al Azdi, a semiotic analysis that reveals the hidden relationships and the deep structure, but this does not mean that the meaning is final, because the text according to the semiotic method remains open. We concluded that this maqama is a reflection of a set of values, behaviors or ideology, and its deep structure reveals the desire for wealth, through the counterparts of poverty and wealth, support and compliance. 

An epic poem, epic, epos, or epopee is a lengthy narrative poem. The research tries to provide a serious reading of epics of Christian Arabic poetry that were inspired by many lessons and conclusions from the Day of Al-Ghadeer. Christian poets weave from the inspiration of this day artistic images with creative abilities to guide recipients to its importance in correcting the course of humanity. Arab poetry epics are poetic material, a revolution and an important one. It was not shed light on it, and literary studies were not presented on it that highlight the potentials of creativity embodied between the folds of language, significance and image. To the recipient to urge and guide him to adhere to the facts, lessons and ideas that are involved under the idea of Day of Al-Ghadeer that would call for adhering to the bonds of the people of the house, the ship to the salvation of humanity. Together, these concepts and data increased our insistence on reading epics of Christian poetry, trying to search for the extent of their ability to achieve the process of communication between the recipient circles, as we saw, to analyze it in a different way by delving into its connotations, its purposes, the reality of the functions that the language performs in it, and its communicative goals through focus On the structure of language, and the basic functions it performs as a discourse, it is only embodied through language as the nerve in the events of communication between the creator and the recipient

The Arabic novel is the result of global intellectual developments, the emergence and growth of which has been influenced by Western ideas particularly since the mid-nineteenth century. This study attempts to examine the narrative features of contemporary Arabic novels in a descriptive-analytical manner by collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information. In the early 1960s, the Arabic novel entered a new phase of development since the late nineteenth century; in the last three decades it has proved its own unique and special linguistic features. This study examines Naguib Mahfouz’s Arabian Nights and Days and Abdul Rahman Munif’s The Wanderer, the two novels which share common narrative features and structures. In order to analyze the story at different, its narrative structure, and omniscient narrator it is possible to apply the traditional narrative method (such exposition, conflict, climax, and falling action), examine the characterization of protagonists, and dialogues between the characters.

The importance of this research is the study of the quality of stylistic features in Iraqi narrative texts. This research examines stylistic and narrative features of Khan al-Shabandar novel. The art of fiction has a close relationship with sociocultural contexts of Arab countries, especially Iraq which has experienced destruction, lack of security and stability, division, sectarianism, exile and murder which are the products of wars. Issues of war and massacre constitute the main bulk of the oeuvre of contemporary Iraqi novelists, issues which have left significant effect on psyche of authors who combine the pain of war with the blood of the innocent people. As a result, they have begun to write down the sufferings of the country. Their fiction is the result of a true imitation of the truth with all its pains and sufferings and the ugliness of murder and terror. In fact, the creative writing of contemporary Iraqi authors shows the awareness of the danger of violence in all its dimensions. In Khan al-Shabandar novel, numerous scenes of violence reflect a bitter reality, a bitter reality which portrays bloody scenes of street explosions, destroyed buildings, the spread of fear, terror, repression, and explosions— as if the country has become a scene of war. This research seeks to examine the rhythm of events and time in the selected novel, paying attention to words of violence. It also tries to examine the context of the narrative. It might be suggested that the novel teems with rhetorical questions and command. The events, which narrate a fearful experience of a real context, are narrated based on the poetics of a rhetorical (dramatic) question.

This study aims to observe the nature of the ancient Arabic narrative, and on the basis of the narrative analytical method, by studying the feature of the encyclopedia that normalizes the ancient Arabic prose texts in a striking way, indicating the richness and abundance of knowledge, and the extension and bifurcation of the knowledge in the culture of the Arab writer. We have followed this feature in the book “Al-Imtāʿ wa al-Mu’ānasa” by Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi as a discourse based on the encyclopedic narrative, to know its manifestations, forms and functions. Al-Tawhidi's bet on achieving the goal of sitting with the minister is to be entertaining and enlightening, which justifies the speaker’s negotiation about what will prevent him from achieving this goal, and his request to overcome the obstacles that would disturb him during the performance of his mission. We understand from this the desire of Al-Tawhidi to harness all his encyclopedic capabilities and cultural qualifications to achieve the goal of "conversation and socialization", and the appearance of an encyclopedic writer is only a form of influence, as the speaker's goal is to provoke feelings of approval and satisfaction with Minister Ibn Saadan. The encyclopedic picture of the speaker, although it is a feature that characterizes the prose of the monotheism in its entirety, in the context of the gambling it was linked to the function of deliberative conduct, as the speaker intends to perform his educational and entertaining functions that were entrusted to him, so that he attains the approval of the Minister Ibn Saadan, and achieves favor in his council, and one of the documents brings us closer to this feature.

 The hero is the main character in an imaginary story. The use of this term has decreased in modern narrative studies, because of its ambiguity and the difficulty in knowing it. And the presence of the main narrative actor in the days of the Arabs in general, and the audience of Ibn Sheba in particular - along with other characters - is more important than the event in the narrative structure of the news sometimes.
I divided the research into two axes, according to the types of narrative actor in the book of Jamharat Ibn Shabba: The first of them was concerned with the disclosure of the fair narrative actor, and what he obtained from a cultural absence that was practiced by the authoritarian culture discourse, and represents this hero (Al-Barraq bin Rouhan), and the second axis of the research has been presented Dualism (steadfastness and transformation) in the personality of the narrative actor, represented by two characters (Kulaib and Muhallal).