Showing 4 results for Norman Fairclough
Majid Saleh Bek, Shahrzad Amirsoleymani,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
In general,this research seeks to reveal the concept of critical discourse and its mechanism in the novel Sons of the Wind written by Laila Atrash.The point of view of narrative discourse fluctuates between the narrative content and its narrative components and the critical view of the novelist about the facts of her life which is published in the form of discourse in her work.The basis of critical discourse studies is the examination of the relationship between discourse and power,or between discourse and society in general,and it is considered one of the definite matters of its research.Norman Fairclough`s theory is a social cognitive model that deals with the critical analysis of texts.It deals ith the text as a literary text and as a discourse affected by the social context and influencing it.Therefore, the basis of this researh is to link presentation with analysis through Fairclough`s critical discourse analysis approach,an approach based on which language use is a communicative event that includes three dimensions.The first dimension is textual and is based on linguistic and formal features from which the discourse of the novel is derived.The second dimension is a discourse that includes the process of producing,expanding and using the text.And the third dimension is social and cultural,which is based on the interpretations and its relationship with the social context during the creation of the textT and Through that the external context affecting the text is analyzed.The results of this reserch,after applying the criteria of Fairclough`s theory in the novel Sons of the wind,are such that language means words,constructions,text structure and textual coherence towards changing the previous values of the society and imposing new values that are conflict with the wrong behavior of organizations and people of the society towards children living in orphanages and have tried to change the strict laws of the Ministry of Development.In the stage of interpretation,the narrator has described the climate governing the society through clear and obvious discourse that is in agreement with his ideology.In the formation explanation stage,he specifies that the living conditions of childeren in orphanages and their problems in society are among the effective factorse in the of the novel`s main discourse.
Vali Baharvand , Naeem Amouri, Parvin Khalili,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2022)
Abstract
Discourse explains the connection between language and society because discourse is the use of language to influence the audience. Critical discourse analysis originated from sociology and is one of the modern critical approaches influenced by the philosophical views of Michel Foucault, Marx and Freud and believes that there is a dialectical relationship between language and society. One of the pioneers of this approach is Norman Fairclough, whose theory rests on three levels: description, explanation, and explanation. Alaa Al Aswany's Automobile Club is one of the most famous contemporary Arab novels that explains the ideology of power and the social and political conditions in a modernist style in Egyptian society. In this article, we try to analyze the critical discourse of this novel based on the three levels of Norman Fairclough's theory adhering to the descriptive-analytical method. The results show that vocabulary and structures such as choosing the imperative form and using plural pronouns instead of singular pronouns describe solidarity, totalitarian ideology, antagonism and contrast, and clarify the contrast between the character of the kou who oppresses Egyptians and obeys foreigners. The repetition describes the discourse of protest and resistance against colonialism, the most important place being the "Car Club" where important events by foreigners and British take place. At the level of interpretation, historical intertextuality refers to previous texts such as Quranic verses, narratives, and historical events such as the Holocaust, the Haganah, Hitler's dictatorship and his crimes against humanity. At the level of clarity, the author explains the ideology of Egyptian colonialism and the power in the two forms of British power over Egypt in a strong way, and also the power of Englishman James over Egyptian slaves weakly in the novel. Al-Aswany reflects the revolution of the oppressed against the oppressor, and his most important goals are the destruction of the British occupation and the independence of Egypt, and in this way the author reflects the dignity and humanity that were destroyed under the clutches of the colonists.
Aliakbar Noresideh , Reyhane Emami Chahartagh ,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (4-2024)
Abstract
Critical discourse analysis is rooted in the critical thoughts of critics such as Foucault, Habermas and Althusser. Critical discourse analysis, considerably utilized in literary studies, examines power, ideology, and metaphor. The critical approach of discourse shows how the language users convey the ideology of powerful groups among the people and recipients of the text by using metaphor. In the critical analysis of discourse, with Vandyke (social field and historical discourse approaches) and Fairclough (which considers discourse as a social act) in particular, different approaches have emerged. From the point of view of Norman Fairclough, the analysis of a discourse is the analysis of each of the three dimensions (social action, discursive practice, text), because his hypothesis is based on the fact that there is a meaningful link between the specific features of the texts, the ways that the texts are connected with each other and are interpreted, and there is a nature of social action and it is examined at three levels of description, interpretation and explanation. Hoda Barakat, the contemporary Lebanese writer, in Barid Al-Lail narrates the life of immigrants, homelesses and refugees who are forced to leave their homes due to social, economic and political forces and live a difficult life in France. This study, based on a descriptive-analytical framework, applies two levels of interpretation and explanation to Barid Al-Lail according to Norman Fairclough's critical discourse approach. The study finds that the use of lexical possibilities at the level of meaning has made the text coherent, and by using them, the author has been able to change the perspective and mental concepts in his thought around convey concepts such as loneliness, being without anyone, fear, war, panic and expectation to the recipient. The author has tried to introduce, in the form of names, the different sections of the society that have been affected by the phenomenon of forced migration and to explain the reasons for migration and leaving the homeland.
Zeinab Mayahi, الدکتور رسول بلاوی, Rasoul Balavi, Dr. Hosein Mohtadi, Dr. Ali Khezri, Dr. Mohamad Javad Pourabed,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
The language communication theory has recently achieved a significant foothold in critical studies. Roman Jakobson, a member of Prague school, has propounded influential linguistic “functions” and “factors” to examine poetic texts particularly. According to him, effective verbal communication should have the following factors: (1) context, (2) addresser (sender), (3) addressee (receiver), (4) contact, (5) common code, and (6) message. He has also proposed six distinct functions of language: referential, poetic, emotive, conative, phatic, and metalingual. Literary critics and scholars have paid particular attention to the narrative and dialogue nuances of modern novels. This study draws on Jakobson’s factors and functions in order to examine Rousha Dakhaz’s The Remnants by adopting an analytical-descriptive approach and referring to the American School of Comparative Literature. It identifies that cultural, political, and social references are the most utilized linguistic functions in the novel because it revolves around the events and incidents of war and political changes. With regard to the referential function, the author uses the first-person narrator to verbalize the characters’ emotions. With regard to the emotive function, the novelist has used second-person pronouns as well as imperative and interrogative pronouns in order to engage readers. The poetic and metalingual functions are the least used ones throughout the novel.
