Ms Samaneh Moosapoor, Dr. Youssef Hadipour,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
One of the important elements in the story is the utterances of fictional characters as they illuminate the words, thoughts, and personality of the characters. Utterances are conveyed to readers via narrators, which is subsumed under the rubric of “narrative style” that determines the relationship between the narrator and characters. Adrakha Al-nassian, a realistic novel by the contemporary Jordanian writer Sanaa Al-Shalan, has taken advantage of narrative techniques in relation to characters and events and draws on the five narrative methods in order to depict political atmosphere in Syria. The objective of this descriptive-analytical study is to determine the extent to which Shalaan uses each of these methods in different fictional contexts, as each is used for a specific purpose on behalf the writer. It is observed that the use of narrative methods starts with the dominance of the narrator in the story and ends with the complete domination of characters. Narrative report is often used in the case of observing brevity and avoiding detailed descriptions of events while direct utterance is used in order to explain the psychological and cognitive dimension of characters, depicting their inner feelings in dealing with social realities.
Qader Qaderi, Fezzeh Niyazi,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2026)
Abstract
Discourse analysis is one of the significant branches of literary studies and narratology, focusing on a holistic approach to examining the structural and functional elements of narrative. Gérard Genette, a prominent theorist of structuralism, is among those who have provided a comprehensive framework for narrative theory, establishing a scientific foundation for discourse analysis. This study examines the novel "Bab al-Tabashir" by Ahmed Saadawi, a contemporary Iraqi writer, through the lens of Genette's narrative discourse theory. The aim of this research is to analyze the elements of time, form, and tone as three fundamental components of narration, and to explore their role in representing the identity crisis of Ali Najee, the challenges faced by Layla Hamid, and the reflection of the social life of the Iraqi people. Additionally, this study analyzes the emergence of Ali Najee as a savior and the use of the seven Sumerian spells within the context of a surrealistic narrative, emphasizing the impact of these narrative techniques. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical method based on Genette's theories, with the goal of analyzing how narrative techniques influence the portrayal of intellectual conflicts the author addresses regarding issues of identity, social problems, and the role of the savior. The findings of the research suggest that Saadawi, through the use of techniques such as anachrony, temporal jumps, and interruptions, dual focalization, and changes in the intensity of character roles, has established a simultaneous relationship between the narrative and the core subject of the story. These techniques not only serve to depict the personal and social consequences of events, but also act as tools to highlight key themes such as intellectual conflicts and the social identity of the characters. These artistic elements are creatively employed in "Bab al-Tabashir", giving the work distinctive features that set it apart from other works in modern literature. In particular, the dual focus on narrative perspective and the intensity shifts in character roles effectively convey the individual and social impacts of the events in this work.
