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Showing 10 results for Arabic Narratology.
Dr. Zohreh Naemi, Dr. Abdollah Hosseini, Miss. Yosra Tarafrava,miss,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2019)
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2019)
Abstract
Narratology, which helps to study structural elements of literary texts, is an important aspect of literary theory, and has generated much criticism in the field of contemporary literature. Gérard Genette is one of the pioneers of narratology and has identified five central categories that make up the narrative elements of story: system, continuity, narrative frequency, shape and tone. The aim of this study is to take advantage of Genette’s narrative categories to analyze narrative techniques in Warraq Al-Hob novel written by the contemporary Syrian author, Khalil Sweileh. The search achieves the following findings: first person point of view is used in this novel and the narrator is the main character; there is a gap between the time of the narration and the time when events occur; and the narrator narrates the events after the event. To put it differently, the story is narrated in non-chronological order, which indicates that the novel contains a paradox. Also the Genettian system, continuity and narrative frequency are used. There are two narrative methods and techniques in terms of size and continuity in the novel: (1) there is a positive acceleration that usually takes a short volume of the novel to tell about a long event and (2) there is the negative acceleration of the narration, in which the events are mentioned in more detail. We also note that the writer uses dialogue and description of elements to slow down the speed of the narration. In addition, we observe the use of various narrative identified by Genette. The author informs the recipient of events what happens in his novel step by step. In addition, we observe that Sweileh began his novel in an introductory way, but the end of the story readers come to know that the novel is an introduction to a novice writer who wants to write a love story. This is a narrative technique developed by Sweileh in order to confuse the mind of the reader. Then it seems that Khalil Sweileh was able to come to terms with what he learned and that he mentions different titles in his account to the audience. We can point out that the repeated description of an event is one of the salient features in the narrative structure of the novel, which exemplifies the technique of recurrence or narrative frequency. The narrator tells the story of events that happened several times in a similar way, and his narration is amazing every time. The author integrates a number of literary texts into his narration. The relationship between the identity of the author and the date of reading and the time associated with the author is referred to when "The History of Reading" is mentioned in which the writer imaginatively lives with Jorge Luis de Borges. Warraq Al Hob is one of the most prominent works of Khalil Sweileh Roulieh. In fact, this novel is a story about writing a story. It is about writer struggling to write a story about love and history and was inspired and started to write his own story about his real world, his mind and his imagination, as well as the literary information he acquired during his lifetime to write. The author can be compared with world-famous writers such as "Gabriel Garcia Marquez (author of the novel" One Hundred Years of Solitude "), Nizar Qabbani, and Alberto Mangel. In the novel, the author simultaneously experiences humor, joy, and sometimes hatred. He also experiences other writers’ experiences, or is inspired by writing world writers in some places such as writing in the kitchen; refers to the events that occurred to him and mentions historical events that he came across in historical or romantic books. Probably that is why he named the novel Warraq Al Hob.
Fatemeh Parchegani,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2019)
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2019)
Abstract
Historical novels usually use historical events and materials and choose characters from historical figures. However, we should not confuse an author with a historian in terms of artistic production with is an imaginative process. In fictional texts, characters are freed from their specific historical era. Belgrade Druze is a historic novel in which the writer attempts to form an intertextual link between historical and literary events. This would outweigh the literary side against the historical side. This article attempts to show the novelist’s approach to the narration of historical events in the novel. The article finds that that Rabie Jaber, the writer, makes use of the real function of the novel to establish a relationship between the reader and historical events
Miral Mahgoub Al-Tahawy,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Arab women’s diasporic writing features a wide array of voices who rewrite the history of Arab diaspora in European countries. The voice of Iman Mersal and May Telmissany is very unique in Egyptian writings. Their works convey a different view of the Self and use literary techniques that invest in this experience to create a multitude of new visions to understand diaspora , given how they are humanist existential experiences that allow the artist to reconcile with the past, This study we will focus on analyzing the use of the "photographic technique” as a tool of recalling home in as an example of Modern Egyptian Diaspora Literature to emphasize that recalling images of the past is a human psychological need for both modern and primitive humans. It bridges the gap created by alienation and deepened by diaspora and helps them overcome being uprooted from their birthplace and culture. To avoid an existential crisis, human beings create a state of recollection of that lost time through art, literature and legends. In this context, we are attempting to read the images of diaspora and alienation as expressed in standing by the ruins of old homes and recalling the past as a literary theme and deeply rooted poetic Arabic tradition. In this context, we are attempting to read the images of diaspora and alienation as expressed in standing by the ruins of old homes and recalling the past as a literary theme and deeply rooted poetic Arabic tradition.
Abdallah El Kheir,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
This article explores the nature of the narrative techniques adopted by the writer "Abd al-Rahman Munif" in his novel Cities of Salt، and the significance of these techniques in terms of the fact that this novel is considered one of the important petroleum texts in post-colonial Arabic literature that deals with Western postcolonial discourse in general and the American discourse in particular. This novel has been the subject of profound debates in terms of its literary classification، but in-depth objective research proves that Cities of Salt is a magical، petroleum، post-colonial novel that addresses the negative social، economic and political impacts of oil discovery on the societies of the Arabian Peninsula. To this end، this article will shed light on the narrative tools that Munif used to communicate his post-colonial contradictory message through modern narration techniques such as magic realism، character formation، and multiple voices with the aim of presenting various perspectives of events by the author. In this way، Munif has presented an innovative narrative genre in Arab literature and a rare work on the international level، as very few Arab and international literary works have addressed the issue of oil، which has become considered as a taboo due to the American political pressure to prevent this sensitive issue from being discussed. On the other hand، in order to accurately explain the multiple layers، levels، and encodings embedded in Cities of Salt، this article will adopt Edward Said's theory known as contrapuntal reading، as a scientific methodology of research، with the aim of placing the novel in its appropriate socio-political place. This article will also build on concepts of magic realism by Stephen Slemon. It should also be noted that this article will touch on how Munif embodied the concept of inclusion، according to Todorov's narrative criticism theory، to explain how Munif incorporated minor stories into the general narration with the aim of shedding light on a specific point that serves the overall purpose of the narration. And of course، putting a work in its proper literary position contributes to establishing a kind of civilized mutual understanding between East and West through the current and future cultural dialogue، in a world where the struggle and resistance against hegemony، imperialism and aggressive wars are the main engines that generate global crises and many disasters and tragedies again and again، especially in the West Asia region.
Roghayeh Rostampour Maleki, Zahra Farid, Zahra Hosseini,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Place is one of the most elements in a novel because it is a space where there are elements of the novel and the relationship established among them, including events. Also, it is an environment to form character and the element that completes the time of the story. “Place” in the novel has witnessed many changes in new studies and also multiple different categories have been formed for it. The present study intends to investigate one of these categorizations- i.e., closed and open places (which is entitled spatial dichotomy or the confrontation between two opposing spaces and its effect on the characters of the story. The reason why we chose this novel was to examine the high frequency of open or closed places such as houses, schools, cities, and villages in the novel. One of the most important results is a wide-ranging description of the closed spaces due to the living problems and personality disorders of the novel characters. Moreover, the novel indicates that open places are not always a source of happiness and well-being for the characters, rather psychological and material consequences and effects of these places may differ in person’s perspective to that place. The method applied in the study is a descriptive-analytical one, based on the description and analysis of the data derived from the context of the novel.
Mehrdad Aghaei,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Story results from a writer’s fantasies, feelings, and inner fears which are expressed in word form. Fictional characters emerge from the depths of the writer’s existence and enter the world of fiction. In general, we can say that the story comes from reality and illustrated by the author’s mind. Usually, authors use different metaphorical expressions to convey their intended message. The Collar of Pigeons, a novel Raja'a Alem, records social and religious events occur in Mecca and Madrid. Here, the Kaaba is a symbol of holiness though some people attempt to degrade its holiness. In terms of characterization, the novel is quite unusual: Raja uses dialogue, description, and inclusion to describe and present the characters of her novel, who are mostly complementary ones. The religious and imaginative atmosphere of the story along with its controversial structure has attracted numerous readers. The chronological, spatial, and logical arrangement of events in presenting characters follows a linear narrative flow. The formal structure of the story is divided into two parts, each with a different location. Different characters are identified with different “Izzah” identity. When examining the characters of the novel, it becomes clear to that the author considers maintaining the identity of the Kaaba, the main concern of the novel, by placing the narrative center in the Kaaba and the events that happen in this holy place. This article adopts an analytical and descriptive method to analyze strategies of characterization in the order, continuity, and arrangement of different parts of the novel.
Bassam Dawood Salman Al-Zubaidi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
The novel constitutes an essential and prominent genre of literature، because of its effect in employing the emotions of individuals and the variables of the movement of society، and representing them in the finest forms of the imagination، and providing solutions to the problems of lived reality، and making it one of the urgent goals as an intended goal in order to coincide with the general social good. Time and space among the fictional elements; The two themselves are inseparable. They interact and exchange influence and influence; It cannot do without these two elements; They are the backbone of narrative work. In this research، we try to study the two elements of space and time in the narration of the Gypsy Suns، and we try to study their relationship together. We adopted the narrative structural approach in analyzing the aforementioned novel. And we concluded that Haidar Haidar created a space for scattered events، as if the reader had to rearrange these events. Haidar Haidar invested these events that resemble a circle that are repeated to show the reader the situation of the Arab world at the end of the last century to infuse the vocabulary of that era with extremism، isolation and family disintegration to deal with these events and their impact. Continuous with progress in time. This presentation of facts in Arab society presented by Haydar Haydar we see it as a realistic presentation without falsehood by breaking the stereotypes of many literary works that contradict reality and jump to the truth. We see in the predominance of retrieval in the novel to escape from the present time، as the novel has had a plentiful share of the techniques of the frequency of the narration، whether in terms of speed or slow، the description is a temporal mechanism that works to slow and stop time، and this creates a time space in which events stop. Based on an understanding of the general framework of events، in it the scenes، paragraphs، and dialogues of the novel converge، whether it is fact or fiction، because when literary work loses locality، it loses its specificity and thus its originality. And leave the character the freedom to show different feelings towards him. The Gypsy Suns novel is considered a chronological novel since its inception with an ascending temporal event. Haydar Haydar relied on the technique of contradictory dualities، which the international writer Samuel Cried was famous for، objectivity and subjectivity، past and present، optimism and pessimism، simplification and complexity، tolerance and hatred، coincidence and necessity، love and killing، life Death، contradictions portrayed by the writer through the main character in the novel and through the effect of the rest of the characters who were influential in the course of events، even if we got to know them in a few lines.
Alaa Mohammed Lazem Al-Gharawi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
An epic poem, epic, epos, or epopee is a lengthy narrative poem. The research tries to provide a serious reading of epics of Christian Arabic poetry that were inspired by many lessons and conclusions from the Day of Al-Ghadeer. Christian poets weave from the inspiration of this day artistic images with creative abilities to guide recipients to its importance in correcting the course of humanity. Arab poetry epics are poetic material, a revolution and an important one. It was not shed light on it, and literary studies were not presented on it that highlight the potentials of creativity embodied between the folds of language, significance and image. To the recipient to urge and guide him to adhere to the facts, lessons and ideas that are involved under the idea of Day of Al-Ghadeer that would call for adhering to the bonds of the people of the house, the ship to the salvation of humanity. Together, these concepts and data increased our insistence on reading epics of Christian poetry, trying to search for the extent of their ability to achieve the process of communication between the recipient circles, as we saw, to analyze it in a different way by delving into its connotations, its purposes, the reality of the functions that the language performs in it, and its communicative goals through focus On the structure of language, and the basic functions it performs as a discourse, it is only embodied through language as the nerve in the events of communication between the creator and the recipient
Ali Afzali, Narges Bigdeli,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Dada is a phenomenon that exploded in the face of political, economic, and moral crises, and considered it the pioneers of the Savior who will dispel all these problems. The only form of salvation was rejecting all that was traditional and adopting the logic of chaos and rejection. In Dada, the primary suspicion of the narrow horizon of art translates into outright hostility toward its values and institutions. The poet Shawqi Abi Shaqra was one of the most prominent pillars of the "Poetry" magazine, which was founded by the surreal poets at the time and has a fundamental role in the spread and development of the modern movement of Arabic poetry. This paper attempts to find, through a descriptive-analytical method, the features of Dada movement in Abi shaqra's poetry to search for the tributaries of Dada and its features in his poetry. This study reached results indicating that Abi Shaqra worked hard to completely liberate from the bond of the past that transcends half-solutions and the idea of compromises, and liberates a person from restrictions that hinder his movement, so that he may reach the future to shape it as he likes. Likewise, the apparent creation of Abi Shaqra and his attempt to liberate the language and strip the vocabulary of its sensitivity and the creation of contradictory structures created anarchism in his poems and made it an eloquent embodiment of Dadaist works.
Dr. Ali Asvadi, Soudabeh Mozafari, Mahrokh Gohar Rostami,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a significant sub-discipline of Discourse Analysis. This approach takes its lead from the philosophical ideas propounded by Michel Foucault, Sigmund Freud, and Karl Marx. Norman Fairclough, an eminent theorist of CDA, attempts to link linguistic features to social issues so that linguists find it necessary to engage with social problems. According to Fairclough, discourse analysis can be performed at three levels: description, explanation, and interpretation. In the holy Quran and Surahs like “Hojarat”, there are abundant conceptual signs which are used to modify social norms. The interpretation level in CDA deals with the relationship between dominant social discourse with different social discourses. Drawing on the description and explanation levels of CDA, this study attempt to develop a critical framework to analyze social discourses in “Hojarat” Surah. It is proposed that the narrative discourse at the education axis in “Hojarat” Surah is in line with social discourses which seek to define Islamic value system
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