Showing 136 results for Type of Study: Research
Ali Ahmadi,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
The Character is one of the fundamental components of the story, and one of its approaches is activism. The action in the story is the same as the action of the character, and the use of each of these characters in the story requires special precision and tenderness, every writer can establish a deep connection with the reader and draw him into the heart of the story by using the characters correctly, and accompany him to the end of the story. This paper aims to analyze the characters of Suhar's novel Al Mustanga, which is one of the realist novels of this author, based on Grimas’s pattern of action, using a descriptive and analytical method. Grimas, under the influence of Propp, proposed his theory of narratology and his model of action is applicable in almost all literary genres. he proposed a model for the investigation of character actions in the story, which consists of 3 models: "actor/target", "active/active" and "active/anti-active" are formed. The findings of the research indicate that the characters of the novel have distinct value systems (love and betrayal, forgiveness and selfishness, revenge and benevolence, swamp and highway) according to Grimas's action model: Fouad as The actor character in the traditional atmosphere of the Egyptian society has moved on the way to reach his goal without any stagnation, and has set the action of the story and put other components of this model on the path of role-playing.
Elham Ghorbani, Abbas Arab, Marziyeh Abad,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Identity, in the sense of who one is, defines a person's dialectical relationship with the outside world, and is regarded as an example of the quality of people's behavior in society. Among the sociologists, Sheldon Stryker has linked identity with emotions and believes that among the identities formed in a person, an identity that she/he experiences extreme positive or negative emotions in relation to the roles, people and social situations aligned with it, becomes a salient identity. Considering that narrative literature has a wide scope in reflecting social identity; the novel Vatan Men Zujaj "Homeland of the Glass" written by Yasmina Saleh, an Algerian author, focuses on identity questions that occur in the form of multiple social roles, and portrays an intertwined series of influences of Algerian society on the protagonist's choice of identity. The present research uses content analysis and text-oriented reading based on Stryker's theory to examine the social structure of the target society and the emotions generated from it, which play a role in salience of identity. The findings of the study indicate that the protagonist of the story has achieved common emotional meanings through effective communication with the educated stratum of the society such as his schoolteacher, experience of university environment, and communication with journalist colleagues who have increased his scope of social awareness. This has also led to his commitment to collective groups and his inclination to social roles including journalism, which is in line with his salient identity as "social police". Also, the numerous situations that have been effective in reproducing the emotions of the protagonist are qualitatively noticeable in the canonization of identity.
Somayyah Yavari, Hassan Majidi, Hossein Shamsabadi, Hossein Qodrati, Mahdi Khorrami,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
As various fields of knowledge develop, interdisciplinary studies become more prominent. During the recent five decades, the concept of social capital has drawn high attention in humanities including literature studies. Literature like a mirror reflects the characteristics of social relationships among individuals in a society. The purpose of this research is to reveal the manifestations of social capital in the novel " Sayyidat al-Qamar" written by "Jokha Al-Harithi", a contemporary Omani writer who was born in Oman in 1978, and his novel won the "Man Booker" international prize in 2019. The focus of the novel " Sayyidat al-Qamar" is the life of three sisters, their families, and social changes in Oman. This research was conducted based on the descriptive-analytical method using the content analysis method. Findings indicated that almost all the components of social capital as norms were found in the text. Furthermore, some norm indicators such as cooperation and social support had higher frequency compared to other indicators.
Tawfiq Rezapour Mohaiseni, Hossein Mohtadi, Naser Zare, Seyed Haidar Fare Shirazi,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Implicit Model is a fundametal concept on which cultural criticism is baed; as it deals with the function of a model in texts and discourses and examines the textual subconscious, and dismantles the academic rhetorical language that is far from social problems and facts of the social life. This model may be present in songs, costumes, fables, and proverbs, as it is in poems, stories, novels, and other forms of art. Beneath all these elements of implicit masculinity model, is a cultural system perceived by the listener, viewer, or reader because of its hidden adaptation to an older model fixed in the mind.This research tries to monitor and analyze the pattern of implicit masculinity in the novel "Salt Cities" written by Abd al-Rahman Munif, relying on the analytical-descriptive approach and in the light of cultural criticism that investigates implicit cultural patterns. In the sub-topics, the representations of masculinity in the novel Cities of Salt are such as: Power, having a male child, the inferiority of women and the superiority of men, and egoism or inflation of the ego. This study reached a series of results, the most important ones of which are: Abd al-Rahman Munif consciously and unconsciously put the model of masculinity behind the aesthetic and literary model and tried to focus on the margin in addition to the centrality.
Dr Mojtaba Behroozi, Ali Asghar Habibi , Miss Mona Mortazavinasab,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
The utilization of imaginative elements in literature intended for children and young adults constitutes a method employed by authors to address fundamental aspects of childhood, including the enhancement of imagination, fostering good behavior, instilling courage, and promoting wisdom. An illustration of this technique is evident in the folklore narrative titled "Mah Pishooni," which is shared across various literary works, emphasizing a fantastical approach. In this research, employing the descriptive-analytical method and drawing upon the American comparative literature school, an exploration is undertaken on the high fantasy genre within the children's narrative " Mah Pishooni" (known as Badr al-Budur in Arabic) as crafted by Persian and Arabic authors. The examination encompasses four stories contributed by four distinct writers: Fazlollah Mohtadi, Mitra Bayat, Yaqub al-Sharouni, and Kamil al-Kilani. The objective of this study is to scrutinize the distinctions and similarities among various subgenres of high fantasy, including gothic, didactic, animal, fairy, quest, allegorical fantasy, etc. within the specified statistical population. The findings of the study reveal that Persian stories exhibit a greater prevalence of high fantasy genres, surpassing Arabic stories by a factor of 4.7. Furthermore, among the stories analyzed, " Mah Pishooni based on Folklore" stands out as the most fantastical, boasting a frequency of 66 fantasy genres in the examined statistical population.
Alaa Fleayyih Hasan Al-Zuhairi, Faramarz Mirzaei, Hadi Nazari Monazam, Kobra Roshanfekr,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
The discourse is a group of words that define patterns of behavior, and affect community life negatively and positively. Therefore, the discourse of power penetrated all economic, political, cultural and even psychological issues, and since the novel is a narrative world that evokes what appears from the reality of society and what is hidden from it, it cannot be analyzed in isolation from the discourse Authority. The discourse of power has a distinct presence in the narrative formation in the novels of Hamid Al-Aqabi, especially in the formation of the active structure. Because it is the most influential of the system of power and its dominant discourse. The research tries to show the most important features of authority and the influence of various characters in Hamid Aqabi's novels. The issue of the study imposed on us the use of the analytical descriptive approach, in general, and the formative structural approach as a narrative approach for analyzing the fictional discourse, relying on the tools of induction, deduction and interpretation. Two novels " Eqtafi 'athari " and " Alfiran " were chosen for their treatment of the political system of power and the dominant phenomena, according to what the characters require in order to draw conclusions and understand them. The research reached several results, the most important of which are: that power did not only affect the living conditions, but also affected behaviors and impressions, and this discourse became pervasive in the fabric of society, and the defeated characters were more effective than the characters belonging to the two novels, and Al-Aqabi tried to portray the negative impact of power. On fictional characters such as fragmentation, loss of identity, and severe psychological crises.
Zainab Daryanward, Mohammad Javad Pourabed, Rasoul Balavi, Ali Khezri, Haitham Al-Suwaili,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (11-2023)
Abstract
Focalization in narrative texts determines the point of view in movies. This also plays a significant role in advancing the events and the narrative process through the multiple effects of the focal point. It can be argued that the overlap between novelistic focalization and cinematic focalization is advantageous for both fields. Focalization in narrative texts designates the position and place of the narrator and the point of view from which he/she narrates the events while in cinema focalization means that the camera narrates each character’s point of view separately, which affects the spectator. Also, these dramatic elements increase the audience’s ability to understand the discourse in such a way that focalization becomes a dramatic technique. This argument holds particularly true for Zahran Al-Qassimi’s The Sniper. He locates the viewpoints in different places of the villages of Oman through the camera Saleh bin Sheikhan, the protagonist, carries with him. This study, based on a descriptive-analytical method, addresses the focalization techniques within the cinematic discourse and its various effects in The Sniper focusing on the image structure. The objective of this study is to examine the signs of image focalization within the novel’s cinematic discourse. It finds that the way the interaction of the camera and the narrator’s personality affects the spectator can be observed in various scenes. This study specifically focuses on visual focalization and its dimensions.
Sadegh Hashemi Amjad , Mehdi Khorrami Sarhouzaki, Hassan Majidi, Seyed Mehdi Nouri Kizghani ,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (11-2023)
Abstract
Algirdas Julien Greimas is famous for developing the Actantial Model, a narrative strategy that addresses characters’ actions and behaviors. Action determines the form and type of events and phenomena including animate creatures, objects, animals, an idea, and everything that exerts influence on the world of the narrative text. The Actantial Model has six components: The subject, an object, The sender, the receiver, a helper, and an opponent. These six actants form three axes of description: The axis of desire, The axis of power, and the axis of transmission. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the textual richness of Al-Hariri’s Samarqandiya Maqamat which has attracted numerous readers. The Actantial Model is applied to Samarqandiya Maqamat based on the dual relationships between the six components, each of which plays more than one role in their relationships.
Haidar Mahallati, Marwah Rahim Al-Rikabi ,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (11-2023)
Abstract
Fahad Mahmoud al-Asad (1939-2013), an Iraqi author who writes realistic novels, focuses on retelling and depicting the social life of rural people in southern Iraq. Drawing on artistic skills to produce well-structured narratives filled with literary devices such as simile, metonymy, and metaphor, this novelist has attracted the attention of a large audience. This research, based on an analytical-descriptive method, analyzes both the aesthetic of imagery and the rhetorical dimensions in al-Asadi’s novels and short story collections including The Cross, Halab Bin Ghariba, Darat Al-Ihsan, Aden is Lost, Sky Birds, and Muamra Ali. All of these narrative texts depict the bitter social reality that the southern people living in Iraq experienced. In the first novel, the novelist embodied the manifestations of injustice and suffering that the feudal system imposed on the peasants and the weak toiling classes (named by the author), to reject all kinds of oppression and tyranny. The second novel represents the prevailing social customs in southern Iraq, with all the beliefs, superstitions, and customary traditions that cannot be accepted by common sense. This novel is a true picture of the contradictions of rural society and its constant struggle between the old and the new. The third group of stories explicitly shows the class distinction between the segments of the same society, the extent of its danger to people’s lives, and its catastrophic repercussions that lead to the fragmentation and dispersion of people. The fourth group deals with human issues and social concerns, while the fifth group criticizes the lack of awareness and widespread ignorance among the backward classes of society. This research also aims to examine the aesthetic aspects of these works and show their impact on the audience. Among many findings of this research, one can point to the fact that the author attempts to discover the unwritten through the analysis of surface phenomena by using the techniques of narrative imagery in the framework of different readings. The author, in line with the narrative discourse and the technical structure of the story, avoids any type of exaggeration.
Salahaldin Abdi , Akram Zolfaghary,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (11-2023)
Abstract
Deconstruction, one of the critical trends of postmodernism, was pioneered by Jacques Derrida a French-born Algerian critic. A reading strategy, not a literary method or theory, Deconstruction focuses on the reader rather than the text or the author. In this reading strategy, language is considered deceptive, unstable, ambiguous, and unreliable which is recreated by the reader. The most important terms in this strategy are writing, differance and deferral, proliferation, dispersion, and trace. This study analyzes one of Zakaria Tamer’s short stories entitled “Oh, the Forgotten Cherry” from the Damascus is Burnt collection to identify/address its deconstructive elements. The significance of this study which adopts a descriptive-analytical method lies in opening a new window toward the ubiquity of meaning in a literary text. This study addresses the differance in meaning due to the dispersal of textual elements. The dichotomy between innocence and greed is the most contradictory duality in the short story where the author deconstructs slavery.
Sajjad Farokhipour , Norudin Parvin,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (11-2023)
Abstract
The complex system of Arabic syntax and orthography which is dependent on multi-layered semantics and derivatives has rendered Arabic translation a difficult task. Meanwhile, translation into Arabic, due to aesthetic features of the Arabic language concerning morphology, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics that underpin different semantic functions in deep and surface structures, is more difficult. Accordingly, examining these subtle yet important particularities cannot be traced Among ignored by the hackneyed translation studies frameworks. Ideational meta-functions, where the interplay between syntax and semantics brings about a text’s semantic constructs, are relatively understudied in translation studies in general and Arabic translation in particular. As translators mainly adopt linear, form-based, and/or meaning-based approaches, these meta-functions are left understudied. This study adopts an innovative approach based on Halliday’s systemic functional grammar to address the potential linguistic losses in the Arabic translation of The Prophet. It is observed that, although almost all of the meta-functions are adequately transferred into Arabic, some of them are not conveyed properly due to the improper selection of syntactic structure verbs.
Atefeh Baziyar , Shahriar Hemmati , Ali Salimi, Touraj Zeinivand,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (11-2023)
Abstract
Dystopia, a significant literary subgenre, is diametrically opposed to the utopia that poets and writers longed to achieve. Dystopian literature broadly portrays the destructive consequences of political, social, and industrial clashes. In other words, this type of literary subgenre mirrors the dark side of the society which is replete with misery and agony. Since novels are mainly the product of societal events, dystopia is more widely reflected in novels than in other literary genres.
Ahmad Saadawi, a contemporary Iraqi novelist, in Frankenstein in Baghdad, has depicted life in Baghdad with extreme pessimism concerning the reality of human life in the contemporary world. In this novel, the author has depicted the dangerous effects of political and social structures on the future of humanity especially the people of Baghdad. He depicts the detrimental effects of the American invasion of Iraq leaving the country in an abysmal situation. The novel is a fearsome portrayal of such a torn-apart society. In every line of the novel, signs of dystopian life are horrifically pictured.
This research, based on a descriptive-analytical method, examines dystopian components such as moral degradation and degradation, criminal actions, deprivation of security, chaos, violence, destruction of peaceful life components, and enforced migration. The novel is a frightening image of a disjointed society plagued by unfortunate events.
Kobra Roshanfekr, Nazal Hasan Jatool, Hadi Nazarimonazam, Maha Halal Mohammad,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (12-2023)
Abstract
As each text is essentially a mosaic made up of quotations from other texts, intertextuality indicates the presence of multiple voices in literary texts. A given text, accordingly, is purely a reproduction of previous cumulative experiences, collected and coalesced into the new textual structure which dwells on previous texts that were disparate, multiple, and diverse in nature. Every text is intertextual, because the text appears in a world full of texts (previous texts, texts surrounding it, and others present in it), and its central strategy is deconstruction for rebuilding.
Monireh Zibayi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (12-2023)
Abstract
The title of a work is a gateway to its textual and thematic underpinnings. Whether the title represents a work of prose or poetry constitutes a very important area in linguistics, in which semantic analysis serves to analyze a text for readers. Najm Wali is a contemporary Iraqi novelist who skillfully illustrates social realities in his works. The carefully selected titles of his novels hint at a particular social, cultural, or political reality of Iraqi society. This descriptive-analytical study examines the semantic features of the author’s titles as well as their lexical, semantic, phonetic, and syntactic aspects. The study suggests Wali’s titles are chosen strategically to signify certain social issues, directing our attention to those problems before we even start reading the novel.
Mohammad Naderi, Akram Roshanfekr, Farhad Rajabi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (12-2023)
Abstract
As a form of narration characterized by various writing techniques, the novel can be analyzed from different critical perspectives. Gérard Genette, drawing on several theorists, studies the function of time in the novel by presenting a salient structural model that can be used to examine its presentation in a given literary text. This study examines the structure of time in Fazl Mokhadar’s Eskandarone based on Genette’s framework. Throughout the novel, the author employs a standard speed of time by creating dialogue between the narrator-protagonist and minor characters. The writer also fills the gap in time by using analepsis in connecting the events and the minor heroes. However, it is possible to observe anachrony in the narrative structure as the narrator sometimes narrates the events in terms of analepsis. Moreover, the author speeds up the narration by eliminating/summarizing events and slows the narration through pauses. This study finds that Eskandarone enjoys a regular and ordered temporal structure which is created by the narrator. The most important aspect of the narrative is its open-ended form as the narrator ends the novel by prolepsis. The novel, accordingly, oscillates between standard and negative narrative speed.
Shaker Ameri, Ali Shahriari,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (12-2023)
Abstract
The character is a main element in a dramatic text as a playwright often relies on specific dimensions of the fictional character to convey ideas, hence the character plays a significant role in developing the events. This study, based on a descriptive-analytical approach, examines characterization in Youssef Al-Ani’s I am your mother, Shaker!. This play is one of the pioneers of socialist literature in Iraqi theater due to the intertextual relationship between Umm Shaker and the character in Maxim Gorky’s The Mother. The most important findings of the study are the following: Al-Ani is the first Iraqi writer to present a woman (Umm Shaker) as the hero of the play, the mother with an iron will, extraordinary political awareness, and unwavering faith in the victory of the national revolution. Al-Ani draws the characters from ordinary people, so the audience identifies with them quickly. The message that Al-Ani intended to convey prompted him to use the colloquial dialect delivering his theatrical and intellectual speech to the illiterate members of society. It seems that Al-Ani paid more attention to conversation (monologue) than characterization as do not find any transformation in the characters throughout the play. The characters are hostage to the popular revolution and the theatrical event.
Farzaneh Vaezi, Enayatolah Fatehi Nezhad, Seyed Babak Farzaneh,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (12-2023)
Abstract
In the late 20th century, new historicism based on the ideas of an American thinker Steven Greenbelt replaced the traditional critical approaches in literary studies. In new historicism, literary texts are treated as historical texts: if history is a kind of narrative, then narratives are the same kind of historical texts, hence it is referred to history text and text history. In new historicism, there is no boundary between history and literature, and readers can re-read the texts to discover the hidden layers behind the original text. Sometimes political and social restrictions deny the author the freedom of expression forcing him to use another way to express his intentions. Najib Mahfouz encoded language in his novels to express social realities and reinforce the spirit of anti-colonialism against the authoritarian policies of the rulers. In Aabaso Al-Aqdar, he used the ancient history of Egypt as a pretext to express nationalist and anti-colonial ideas. This study examines the hidden layers of the novel from a new historicist angle.
Dana Talebpour, Hassan Goodarzi Lemraski, Dr Mahdi Shahrokh,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (12-2023)
Abstract
The story form is one of the distinguished styles that the Holy Quran has used in the interpretation of prominent historical and educational issues, and for this reason, it plays a prominent role in conveying the message of Muhammad to mankind. The element of surprise is one of the most prominent technical features that distinguish the stories of the Qur'an compared to literary stories, which makes the story able to play a role in attracting the audience's attention and driving them to continue reading. A surprise is a sudden event that disrupts the main subject in the story or the audience outside the text. Surprising events break the flow of events and reading. There are various technical methods and types to create surprise for the reader, including surprising the audience. Considering the importance of these elements in discovering the structural and semantic features of the Holy Qur'an and the abundance of surprising scenes in it, this study examines its manifestations in the stories of Yusuf, Qasas, and Kahf Surahs. The analysis of surprise in these surahs paves the way for interpreting the power of God. Surprise in the Holy Qur'an has various aspects, among them, surprising the audience and the protagonist which renders Qur'an dynamic.
Zineh Erfatpour,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (4-2024)
Abstract
|
Spring (2024) Vol 5, No. 12, pp. 69-92
|
Sahar Khalifa, a contemporary Palestinian novelist, is one of the prominent novelists of the Arab world. His novels have gained wide fame all over the world due to the reflection of Palestinian realities, especially resistance, social and women's issues, as well as due to the use of an attractive and effective language structure. In Al-Sabbar (1967), Khalifa deals with the issues that the Palestinian society encountered. She uses a linguistic structure that is often distinct in all kinds of narrations. This study examines the novel’s distinct narrative characteristics based on Abdul Malik Murtad’s classification. The study finds that Sahar Khalifa has used all the narrative forms proposed by Abdul malik Mortad, namely narrative texture, dialogue. and monologue. Also, he has used all narrative pronouns (third person, second person and first person) in her novel, and the third person pronoun is the most used in the narration of event. In addition, in the narrative based on the third person pronoun, he often relies on medium eloquent language, and when he decides to emphasize more on drawing the dialogue space of the two sides in the narrative, he fluctuate between using eloquent language and simple (colloquial) dialect, but when the time comes the characters have dialogue with each other, the uneducated characters often use street slang and the educated characters use eloquent and simple language.
Tahereh Heydari,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (4-2024)
Abstract
The police novel is different from other types of fiction because it considerably motivates the reader. It is arguably notable that the entire Arabic literature is almost devoid of this type, i.e. the police novel. Its scope revolves around crime, investigation, and the search for a solution in the end. Even if one may identify examples of this type of fiction, they do not rise to the level of the detective novel. In order to partially fill this gap in knowledge, this study examines the structure of formation and semantics in King of India, a Lebanese novel written in police/detective mode. The following questions are, accordingly, addressed in this study: what is the status of the police novel in Arabic and Lebanese literature and how does the police appear in the The King of India. To answer these questions, the study uses a descriptive-analytical framework.
