Showing 136 results for Type of Study: Research
Aliakbar Noresideh , Reyhane Emami Chahartagh ,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (4-2024)
Abstract
Critical discourse analysis is rooted in the critical thoughts of critics such as Foucault, Habermas and Althusser. Critical discourse analysis, considerably utilized in literary studies, examines power, ideology, and metaphor. The critical approach of discourse shows how the language users convey the ideology of powerful groups among the people and recipients of the text by using metaphor. In the critical analysis of discourse, with Vandyke (social field and historical discourse approaches) and Fairclough (which considers discourse as a social act) in particular, different approaches have emerged. From the point of view of Norman Fairclough, the analysis of a discourse is the analysis of each of the three dimensions (social action, discursive practice, text), because his hypothesis is based on the fact that there is a meaningful link between the specific features of the texts, the ways that the texts are connected with each other and are interpreted, and there is a nature of social action and it is examined at three levels of description, interpretation and explanation. Hoda Barakat, the contemporary Lebanese writer, in Barid Al-Lail narrates the life of immigrants, homelesses and refugees who are forced to leave their homes due to social, economic and political forces and live a difficult life in France. This study, based on a descriptive-analytical framework, applies two levels of interpretation and explanation to Barid Al-Lail according to Norman Fairclough's critical discourse approach. The study finds that the use of lexical possibilities at the level of meaning has made the text coherent, and by using them, the author has been able to change the perspective and mental concepts in his thought around convey concepts such as loneliness, being without anyone, fear, war, panic and expectation to the recipient. The author has tried to introduce, in the form of names, the different sections of the society that have been affected by the phenomenon of forced migration and to explain the reasons for migration and leaving the homeland.
Ali Pourdelphizadeh, Hossein Kayanee,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (4-2024)
Abstract
Speed has influenced and overshadowed numerous aspects of human life, including literature which provides a comprehensive picture of human society. The emergence of the very short story was not just a sudden appearance, but motivated by the requirements of contemporary life that tends to accomplish things very quickly. Accordingly, the very short story genre emerged with condensed and broad ideas on essential and indispensable oundations.Condensation is one of the characteristics for writing contemporary, short and condensed stories. In order to achieve condensation, the author utilizes several mechanisms whereby readers are attracted. The reliance on the structuralist approach in studying very short stories has led to the realization that condensation is not limited to reducing the number of words, but includes the idea and character as well as linguistic, pictorial, and eventual condensation. Mohammed Mohaqiq has written condensed texts by using the mechanisms of paradox and the verbality of sentences. Moreover, textualization and symbolism also register their presence as two mechanisms through which the storyteller was able to write intensive story texts, but in a lesser proportion than irony and verbality.
Fatima Bouadhar, Hossein Mohtadi, Nasser Zare, Sayed Haider Faree Shirazi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (4-2024)
Abstract
The narrative mode of Passages, a novel by Fatin Al-Murr, employs the focalization to establish the point of view presented in the story. This technique focuses on who observes the story rather than who narrates it. Gérard Genette identifies three levels of focalization: zero, internal, and exterior. In Passages focalization is utilized to depict two seemingly contradictory identities through the perspectives of two narrators (Darine and Najwa). Each character embodies a unique identity shaped by the Israeli occupation, representing the Palestinian Christian and Muslim communities in Lebanon and the refugee camps, as well as the Palestinian Muslim population. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach based on Gerard Genette's theory of focalization to examine the author's style in Passages and its portrayal of the reality of the Arab world during the Israeli occupation. This study identifies the presence of all three focalization patterns, with the perspectives of Darine and Najwa serving as primary vehicles for storytelling. The introspective narrative within the novel is predominantly channeled through Najwa's perspective, characterized by her profound understanding of the Palestinian conflict. Through a series of exchanged letters, Najwa endeavors to enlighten her Christian friend about the brutal massacres and injustices unfolding in Palestine.
Golafrooz Mohebbi, Amir Hossein Rasoulnia, Ruhollah Sayadinejad,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (4-2024)
Abstract
Sahar Khalifa, a contemporary Palestinian novelist, is one of the prominent novelists of the Arab world. His novels have gained wide fame all over the world due to the reflection of Palestinian realities, especially resistance, social and women's issues, as well as due to the use of an attractive and effective language structure. In Al-Sabbar (1967), Khalifa deals with the issues that the Palestinian society encountered. She uses a linguistic structure that is often distinct in all kinds of narrations. This study examines the novel’s distinct narrative characteristics based on Abdul Malik Murtad’s classification. The study finds that Sahar Khalifa has used all the narrative forms proposed by Abdul malik Mortad, namely narrative texture, dialogue. and monologue. Also, he has used all narrative pronouns (third person, second person and first person) in her novel, and the third person pronoun is the most used in the narration of event. In addition, in the narrative based on the third person pronoun, he often relies on medium eloquent language, and when he decides to emphasize more on drawing the dialogue space of the two sides in the narrative, he fluctuate between using eloquent language and simple (colloquial) dialect, but when the time comes the characters have dialogue with each other, the uneducated characters often use street slang and the educated characters use eloquent and simple language.
Qader Qaderi, Javad Karkhaneh, Mahdi Mohammadinejad, Mohammadmahdi Roshanchesli, Zolaykha Janali Niya Syahkalroodi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
Women’s literature has experienced a new stage in the last two centuries with the presence of more women in the field of literature and the use of feminine language in order to defend women’s rights. This type of literature holds a special significance because women showcase parts of their inner issues in their literary works by paying attention to their personal characteristics by drawing on love and affection, as well as being influenced by the heavy pressures they always face in their societies. Among the most famous of these women, we can mention in Ghada al-Samman, the author of The Impossible Novel and Emily Bronte, the author of Wuthering Heights. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, this study finds that marriage, women’s right to choose a spouse, clothing, education, work, and economic-social activity are the common points between these two authors. Finally, the education of women is central to the oeuvre of both of the authors.
Zenab Neyestani, Naimeh Parandavaj, Fatemeh Arefifar,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
In the last two centuries, many scholars in social, cultural, and literary fields of study have addressed women’s concerns and their centrality in literary works. Women-centered criticism or feminist criticism examines works created by women or about women in order to provide a specific framework for their analysis and explication. Elaine Showalter, a feminist theorist, proposes four variants for this critical approach: biological, linguistic, psychological, and cultural. The cultural aspect investigates how women are characterized by society, as well as the role of society in shaping the works and activities of women. Therefore, it can be regarded as a kind of sociological criticism, insofar as the conditions of the society in which the writer lives and her position in interacting with other people determine the content of her work. The objective of this article is to examine how social concerns are represented in Sahar Khalifeh’s Origin and Branch. The article adopts a descriptive-analytical method and draws on woman-centered criticism as theorized by Elaine Showalter. It addresses how Palestinian society affected Khalifeh’s thinking in the 1930s and 1940s and how this effect could be traced in her novel. It finds that the novel challenges the patriarchal society of Palestine by depicting the Palestinian society in the first half of the 20th century and the early years of the occupation of Palestine. The domination of men over women is criticized by dealing with factors such as women’s forced marriage, deprivation of education and employment, concern for life and economic independence, and hatred of being forgotten by other women. Thus, the traditional Palestinian society of that day has left its impact on all dimensions and orientations of Khalifeh’s thoughts. In Origin and Branch, like her other novels, she compares the domination of men over women to Israel’s domination over Palestine and condemns both. Finally, this paper argues that femininity symbolizes homeland for Khalifeh.
Maedeh Zohriarab, Raja Abuali ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
The postmodern novel is characterized by a set of distinct features. This research examines the representation of fragmentation within the postmodern novel, as numerous postmodern authors have employed this innovative narrative technique to disrupt the narrative arc and dismantle the organized linear structure of storytelling. The fragmented novel plays a significant role in postmodern literature, offering a new perspective that accords with the demands of contemporary society due to its capacity to establish conventions that diverge from traditional norms. From this perspective, fragmentation is a pivotal characteristic of the postmodern novel, reflecting a departure from established traditions and a move away from regularity, coherence, and codification within the narrative. This deviation represents a profound means of broadening the scope of the novel. Khalil Sweileh’s The Writer of Love exemplifies the postmodern novel, incorporating various forms of fragmentation within its narrative. The significance of this research is underscored by the fact that Sweileh’s novel offers a compelling exploration of the fragmentation and disarray prevalent in society. It serves as a commentary on the human condition in a world marked by division and inconsistency. Through a descriptive-analytical examination of this novel, we identified several prominent features of fragmentation, including disjointed plot development, a fragmented spatiotemporal structure, a lack of cohesive narrative, the author’s liberation from conventional constraints, and varied writing styles. Furthermore, we concluded that fragmentation symbolizes chaos and the disjointed existence experienced by the characters, each of whom is caught between their past and present, as well as between their desires and reality. The disorder and confusion in time and space reflect the uncertainty and instability of the self.
Fatemeh Solgi, Kobra Roshanfekr, Faramarz Mirzaie,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
As an artistic technique, narration represents reality and depicts the story of societies and individuals. In contemporary Iraqi fiction, narration is utilized to portray and visualize the pain and suffering of Iraq and its citizens in a very tangible manner by drawing on reality and human emotions. In this context, language plays a pivotal role in showcasing the realities in contemporary Iraq. Stylistics, as a critical approach, pinpoints different and multifaceted linguistic features of a literary text. The Iraqi novel constitutes an important part of the contemporary Arabic narrative and holds a special place in Arabic literature. Recently, the social novel has achieved a considerable foothold in Iraqi fiction. This study examines the portrayal of Iraqi people’s pain and suffering in Maysalun Hadi’s A Light Pink Dream (2009) from a stylistic point of view. Also, this study addressed the distinguishing characteristics of the author’s style as observable in the novel. The main objective of this study is to pinpoint the characteristics of the Iraqi novel after 2003 and analyze the linguistic stylistics of the case study novel, focusing on the pain and suffering of the Iraqi people. It adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the novel at the levels of composition, rhetoric, and implication. It finds that the author draws on a variety of stylistic devices to share her personal and social experiences in the realm of narration. The novel makes an idiosyncratic use of language in that it utilizes compositional, rhetorical, and implicative components to showcase the pain and suffering of Iraqi people under the shadow of war, occupation, and political and social crises.
Maryam Qasem Mohammad Al-Nasrawi, Ahmadreza Heidaryan Shahri, Ahmad Mehdi Alzubaid,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
The objective of this research is to examine the societal function of patriarchal authority in The Lament of Mesopotamia (1939) by Abdul Rahman Majeed al-Rubaie and Fereydoon Had Three Sons (2000) by Abbas Maroufi. This study does not delve into the aesthetic aspects of narrative structure. Instead, it focuses on the role of three characters who symbolize the conscious embodiment of the controversial influence of social and cultural phenomena, specifically patriarchal power. It explores the extent to which patriarchal power in the 1970s can be analyzed from a feminist perspective, thereby highlighting the dominance exerted by men over society in light of various contributing factors. This topic holds significance in terms of addressing the patriarchal rule across all phenomena, employing expressions of power through figures such as fathers, tribal leaders, and government authorities. The research examines the interrelationship between Iraqi and Iranian novels, with a particular focus on exposing patriarchal power as a defining cultural phenomenon within both societies. Utilizing a comparative methodology rooted in the American literary school, this research identifies the hidden patterns and symbols inherent in cultural phenomena. Furthermore, it highlights common socio-cultural events depicted in the two novels, as well as the incorporation of Marxist ideas emphasizing themes of alienation and poverty in The Lament of Mesopotamia. Additionally, Maroufi directs attention to the prevailing poverty in the external environment of the country and the direct influence of Marxist political thought. Both authors emphasize the convergence of sensual instincts and struggles for social power. Al-Rubaie tackles it by expressing social and religious conflicts in an Eastern context, while Maroufi predominantly focuses on the Western realm of social power struggles.
Abdulbasit Arab Yousefabadi, Fatemeh Piri ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
Narrative analysis play a pivotal role in modern and postmodern literary studies. Within this literary periods, the traditional and historical mode of narrative analysis are replaced with new one whereby it distanced itself from monophonic and linear narratives. This mode of narrative not only dispensed with coherent narratives and grand narratives but also blurred the boundaries between personal pronouns as the result of which the “self” mode of narration is replaced by the “other” mode of narration. Literary critics call this mode of narration “polyphonic”. Considering the significance of this mode of narration, this research examines different dimensions of polyphony in Rabee Jaber’s novels. In Confessions (2007), he utilized polyphony in such a way that most of the characters play an important role in the narration of the events of the story and the narrator does not control other characters. This research finds that polyphony in this novel is observable through multiple points of view, multiple characters, and the presentation of social and political issues from different angles. This multiplicity/diversity reinforces the storyline and provides new perspectives on the realities of the Arab world, as well as the use of multiple verbal styles in presenting the characters of the narrative. In this novel, Rabee Jaber does not narrate his confessions to the audience; rather it is a narration of him by others.
Shaker Amery, Ali Shahriari,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
In presenting events, a writer heavily relies on conflict which is considered the main driving force of the fictional work. Conflict is a key element in dramatic texts and plays an important role in developing events in them. It reveals the differences arising from conflicting opinions and viewpoints among the characters regarding a particular issue or idea between the characters of the play. This research, based on a descriptive-analytical method, aims to study the conflict in Tawfiq al-Hakim’s Ya Tali’ al-Shajara. This play is one of the first plays written in an absurd style in Arabic literature, depicting events in an absurd manner. The play presented a new concept of the internal conflict and specific worldview of its characters. It appears that Al-Hakim paid great attention to the psychological dimensions of the characters in this play, a hallmark of the theater of the absurd. Al-Hakim skillfully used all kinds of conflict in the play, although the internal conflict was more evident in it. The conflict in this play is not between human desires but between abstract mental positions and ideas, represented by contrasting pairs such as dream and reality, fantasy and reality, immortality and annihilation.
Zeinab Mayahi, الدکتور رسول بلاوی, Rasoul Balavi, Dr. Hosein Mohtadi, Dr. Ali Khezri, Dr. Mohamad Javad Pourabed,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
The language communication theory has recently achieved a significant foothold in critical studies. Roman Jakobson, a member of Prague school, has propounded influential linguistic “functions” and “factors” to examine poetic texts particularly. According to him, effective verbal communication should have the following factors: (1) context, (2) addresser (sender), (3) addressee (receiver), (4) contact, (5) common code, and (6) message. He has also proposed six distinct functions of language: referential, poetic, emotive, conative, phatic, and metalingual. Literary critics and scholars have paid particular attention to the narrative and dialogue nuances of modern novels. This study draws on Jakobson’s factors and functions in order to examine Rousha Dakhaz’s The Remnants by adopting an analytical-descriptive approach and referring to the American School of Comparative Literature. It identifies that cultural, political, and social references are the most utilized linguistic functions in the novel because it revolves around the events and incidents of war and political changes. With regard to the referential function, the author uses the first-person narrator to verbalize the characters’ emotions. With regard to the emotive function, the novelist has used second-person pronouns as well as imperative and interrogative pronouns in order to engage readers. The poetic and metalingual functions are the least used ones throughout the novel.
Raja Abuali, Ahmad Arefi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Baudrillard claims that politicians who secretly and openly control people distort the truth through technological tools, media, brands, consumer culture, politics, and other factors. This distortion, by creating false informational facts that cause conflict and a dialectical duality between truth and hyperreality, has become a tool for controlling human minds and stripping them of their will. In this context, victory lies with the dominant reality constructed by major stakeholders, business creators, and capitalists who promote their industrial products, as well as the energy consumers and thought controllers. The novel Shifa: The Small Century Manuscript is a science fiction work in which the author addresses the issue of technology and media that distort the truth. This study analyzes the novel using a descriptive-analytical method and employing Baudrillard’s theory along with linguistic and narrative techniques. It concludes that the author uses postmodern techniques to construct hyperreality and discusses the destructive technologies of the U.S. government that conceal scientific and security secrets. These secrets are ultimately revealed by Isaac Jamil, the novel’s protagonist, following his terrestrial and space travels with a scientific mission team by UFO. Upon his return, he is detained by the U.S. government to prevent the disclosure of secrets among the public, and his character is transformed into a passive and weak individual through torture with contemporary technological mechanisms. In the novel, hyperreality is constructed through mechanisms such as technology, media, alienation, ambiguity, simulation, hybridization, wonder, estrangement, events, characters, language, image dominance, space and time, and power. This indicates a lack of democracy and the dominance of power, transcending reality and entering an imperceptible and supernatural world.
Soraya Rahimi, Jahangir Valadbeigi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
The study of the epistemological and philosophical foundations that have accompanied critical methodologies is the key to comprehending critical theories and understanding their core theoretical concepts and practical procedures before applying them in the field of criticism. It is imperative not to regard methodologies such as narratology merely as analytical tools for interpreting literary discourses. These methodologies have drawn upon a variety of philosophical sources in constructing their critical projects, beginning with Aristotle and extending to contemporary horizons manifest in postmodern theories. Their roots can be traced to a range of philosophical traditions, including objectivist philosophies, logical positivism, Hegelian phenomenology, and Kantian principles of subjectivity. From this perspective, the objective of this is to highlight the importance of understanding the philosophical foundations of narratology and the issue of knowledge ownership in understanding literary texts, particularly the sacred Qur'anic discourse, through the use of its critical methodologies. It adopts a descriptive-analytical approach by examining the key philosophical backgrounds that have accompanied narratology throughout its historical development and analyzing its application in certain critical models. The research concludes that there are concepts from narratology that contribute to its critical framework, such as the death of the author, the negation of the human subject leading to the dismissal of characters in fiction, and the infinity of meaning—concepts that conflict with the structure of the Qur'anic text. The presence of the author within the Qur'anic discourse and the living, active characters who move within its narrative space cannot be considered as mere fictional constructs. This issue is further evident in the study of the narrator within the Qur'anic discourse, relying on the narratological model. The use of this methodology risks diminishing the sanctity of the Qur'anic text due to a mechanical application of the method, without considering the fundamental differences between the Qur'anic narrator and the human author in literary texts. Although the research does not deny the potential benefit of analytical methods introduced by narratology, particularly from structuralism and its subsequent stages, it emphasizes the necessity of understanding critical models in their philosophical foundations and epistemological dimensions to effectively engage with the Qur'anic discourse. Utilizing this approach involves a conscious choice that merges both cognitive and ideological considerations, where the outcomes are intrinsically linked to its philosophical and theoretical premises.
Samaneh Soosapoor, Yousef Hadipour, Seyed Ebrahim Arman, Farhad Divsalar,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Stream of consciousness is an innovative literary technique used frequently by modernist novelists and short story writers. It plays a significant role in reflecting the narrators’ and characters’ psychological and emotional status. Origami, the Japanese art of paper folding, is an ancient field of entertainment to make intricate designs. Nowadays, Origami has achieved new aspects and dimensions as contemporary artist draw on it in order to utilize it in conceptual and practical arts. Sanaa Shalan, a contemporary Jordanian writer, has rewritten the “Forgetfulness Realized It” story primarily based on the stream-of-consciousness technique to narrate the suffering and pain of living in contemporary societies. This story has thirty parts, each of which begins with a star origami. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the stream of consciousness in the origami at the beginning of each part based on William James’ ideas. It pinpoints how interior monologue, lyricism, association, psychological characteristics, soliloquy, and symbols can display the psychological problems of the characters in Shalan’s story.
Ali Asvadi, Abdollah Hoseini, Zahra Asadollahi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
The postcolonial discourse addresses the domination of foreigners over Asian and African countries and illustrate how the west colonized and impressed them. One of the most outstanding theorists of postcolonial criticism is Edward Said, who Orientalism addresses differences between East and West and particularly how the latter portrays the former. It holds a particular point in postcolonial studies as it discloses how the west imposes unrealistic images on the east. Natalia Rashid is one of the contemporary Egyptian writer who refers to Gamal Abdel Nasser who described the history of Egypt during British colonialism, in Hakait Kieffah an Decolonisation. This study examines Hakait Kieffah an Decolonisation based on Edward Said’s ideas. It particularly studies the role of disloyalty in the establishment of colonialism and the despicable view of British colonialism of Egyptian people. The disloyalty of Egyptians is directly related to the colonization of their country, and its people always lived in terror caused by colonization and were forced to migrate from their homeland.
Yosra Shadman, Nemat Azizi, Kholud Khazir Abed,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Heritage constitutes a prominent part of Ahmed bin Alwan’s poetry due to his love for heritage on the one hand and his desire to communicate with his Islamic audience and the Arab intellectual on the other hand. Therefore, he used inheritance in a collection of poems. This study attempts to shed light on the evocation of inheritance and its aesthetic and semantic role in his poetry through by using a descriptive-analytical framework. It examines the numerous manifestations of intertextuality in the poetry of Ahmed bin Alwen as he draws on heritage in its various types in his collections. Intertextuality was divided into types: Qur’anic and narrative intertextuality out of which religious intertextuality evolves. There are also three types of artistic intertextuality: dialogic, absorptive, and ruminate. The poet used religious intertextuality for many purposes, the most prominent of which was the sanctification of some figures such as Idris (peace be upon him) and Ahl al - Bayt. The poet’s utilized religious intertextuality to reveal ancient Islamic glory with the aim of linking the nation’s present with its antiquity.
Zahra Asadi, Aliasghar Habibi, Abdolhamid Ahmadi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Novels can be categorized into different types based on their content. One category is the historical novel which examines historical events/issues from a realistic perspective. In this type of novel, the writer presents historical facts intertwined with imagination, reshaping history in a new and appealing form. It can be argued that the blend of historical facts and literary imagination is one of the most important characteristics that has attracted various classes of society to such novels and has made these novels easily comprehensible to them. This study examines two novels written by Naguib Mahfouz (Egypt) and Ibrahim Modarresi (Iran) based on historical events. The two writers artistically depict historical documents as they are familiar with the ancient history of their countries. Therefore, and due to the importance of research in historical novels, this study aims to explore the characteristics of historical novels in Mahfouz’s Radobis and Ibrahim Modrresi’s Bride of Madaen, by building on comparative literature theory. The results indicate that the writer’s extensive attention to the historical dimension in Bride of Madaen brings it closer to historical writings while in Radobis, the writer focused more on the artistic and imaginative aspects, making it more artistic than historical.
Monireh Zibaei, Ibrahim Ali Naithal Al-Gharabi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
As fiction revolves around characters, events, and settings, it seems that narratology can arguably provide a critical perspective to examine its different layers. The analysis of a literary text’s narrative structure potentially yields new dimensions to literary studies. Thistles and Cloves is a particular case in point, which has attracted considerable readership in recent years. The novel bitterly narrates the suffering and oppression inflicted on Palestinians. This study has appointed this novel as its case study in that it provides a historical rendition of Palestine. Also, the novel is equipped with idiosyncratic narrative components that should be decoded. Hence, the researchers draw on a narrative approach to address the novelist’s utilization of narrative components to display the tragic reality of Palestine. This study finds that the novelist has effectively employed particular narrative elements and factors to create an entertaining aura to highlight the significance of characters as the most essential narrative item. The author portrays parts of the history of the resistance and struggle of Palestinians against oppression and their struggle to liberate their country to show his devotion to his homeland.
Haidar Mahallati,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Zahran Al-Qasimi, an Omani novelist, won the Booker International Prize for Arabic Fiction in 2023 for her novel The Alienation of the Water Diviner. Al-Qasimi’s narrative records the struggles of an Omani rural community against the dual forces of nature and human ambition. This paper examines the social realities depicted in the novel through employing a sociological framework in order to explain the structure of social relations as determined by interpersonal interactions within the community. A distinctive feature of the novel, this paper suggests, is its emphasis on a selection of sounds and voices that permeate its narrative line. Al-Qasimi skillfully employs these auditory elements, focusing on both human sounds and the natural environment, to uncover their significance and impact on human existence. This research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the author’s unique employment of sound as a narrative device. It aims to decode the significance of these sounds, their impact on human life, and their relationship to the villagers’ culture and thought. Furthermore, the study investigates how Al-Qasimi skillfully employs sound as a tool to point to the villagers’ unspoken hardships.
