Abolhasan Amin Moqaddasi, Raouf Tavakoli, Meisam Karami Enayat,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Fall and winter 2022 2022)
Abstract
Literature emanates from human mind, and the analysis of human mental actions contributes a lot to literary criticism. Psychoanalysis, as the science connecting literature and psychology, has been able to reflect the problems of society through psychoanalytic concepts by entering the field of literature and processing and analyzing the literary texts through characters and their inner states. In his novel Lascivious Eyes, the Saudi novelist Qmashh Allyan recreated the characters of the story through a psychoanalytic approach and highlighted the impact of divorce on the emergence of various types of psychological anxiety for children. Using the descriptive-analytical method and Freud's psychoanalytic criticism and relying on his theories of anxiety and defense mechanisms and the way these concepts are applied and implemented by the characters, this study seeks to analyze the impact of divorce on the actions and reactions of the novel's characters in order to provide a better insight about the phenomenon in question by extracting its components. The results showed that the two main characters of the story, after their family breakdown, were suffering in various situations from realistic, neurotic and moral anxiety and resorted to defense mechanisms according to the situation where they felt anxious to protect themselves from unbearabale realities and mental conflicts.
Dr Sedigheh Zoodranj, Phd Student Atossa Karami,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (7-1983)
Abstract
Pragmatics is a major branch of linguistics that deals with the speaker’s implied meanings in an utterance. In fact, the addressee can recognize and interpret these meanings using register. One of the main concepts in pragmatics is presupposition which refers to the shared background between the speaker and the addressee in a conversation. In other words, the speaker communicates with the addressee based on what is already assumed, and these assumptions can be decoded with the help of the register. George Yule divides presupposition into six types, namely, existential, factive, lexical, structural, non-factive, and counter-factual. Comedy plays are closely related to the realities of the society due to their satirical criticism of the dominant order and social issues. In his comedy play Mismar Juha, Ali Ahmad Bakthir uses the character of Juha as well as verbal humor to unveil the problems of the Arab society and encourage people to stand against the oppression of English colonialism. The present study which follows a descriptive-analytical method Based on linguistic pragmatics, seeks to explain different kinds of presupposition and their role in creating verbal humor in Mismar Juha. The findings suggest that the author makes use of all the six types of presupposition. He utilizes different techniques including violation of speaker’s presupposition, satirical use of presupposition, and conversion of one type of presupposition into another in order to create verbal humor and criticize the social conditions. Existential presupposition is the most frequent type in this play whereas counter-factual presupposition is the least frequent type.
