Majid Saleh Bek, Shahrzad Amirsoleymani,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Fall and winter 2022 2022)
Abstract
In general,this research seeks to reveal the concept of critical discourse and its mechanism in the novel Sons of the Wind written by Laila Atrash.The point of view of narrative discourse fluctuates between the narrative content and its narrative components and the critical view of the novelist about the facts of her life which is published in the form of discourse in her work.The basis of critical discourse studies is the examination of the relationship between discourse and power,or between discourse and society in general,and it is considered one of the definite matters of its research.Norman Fairclough`s theory is a social cognitive model that deals with the critical analysis of texts.It deals ith the text as a literary text and as a discourse affected by the social context and influencing it.Therefore, the basis of this researh is to link presentation with analysis through Fairclough`s critical discourse analysis approach,an approach based on which language use is a communicative event that includes three dimensions.The first dimension is textual and is based on linguistic and formal features from which the discourse of the novel is derived.The second dimension is a discourse that includes the process of producing,expanding and using the text.And the third dimension is social and cultural,which is based on the interpretations and its relationship with the social context during the creation of the textT and Through that the external context affecting the text is analyzed.The results of this reserch,after applying the criteria of Fairclough`s theory in the novel Sons of the wind,are such that language means words,constructions,text structure and textual coherence towards changing the previous values of the society and imposing new values that are conflict with the wrong behavior of organizations and people of the society towards children living in orphanages and have tried to change the strict laws of the Ministry of Development.In the stage of interpretation,the narrator has described the climate governing the society through clear and obvious discourse that is in agreement with his ideology.In the formation explanation stage,he specifies that the living conditions of childeren in orphanages and their problems in society are among the effective factorse in the of the novel`s main discourse.
Shahrzad Amirsoleymani, Raja Abuali,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2026)
Abstract
Legitimization is a conscious path that people take daily to justify their behavior and the roles they play in society. For this reason, a person is forced to rely on sources to create and strengthen this legitimacy among others with the help of these sources. The process of legitimization and delegitimization is very important in critical discourse analysis; Because through it, it is possible to identify how the discourses legitimize or delegitimize some actors, their behaviors and goals. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, which, relying on van Leeuwen's theory of legitimization and delegitimization, intends to find out the strategies that the discourse producer used for legitimization or delegitimization in his discourse, as well as the cases that he legitimized or Reveal what has been delegitimized from them. Van Leeuwen proposed four techniques for legitimization, which include authorization, justification, mythmaking, and evaluation. Each of these techniques can work individually or in combination. In this research, Khalil Hasan Khalil's novels, which depict the lives of oppressed and marginalized people, have been analyzed based on Van Leeuwen's model of legitimization and delegitimization. This research concluded that the techniques of "influence" from the types of "instrumental justification" and the techniques of "myth-making" and "authoritarianism of the expert", the model or pattern and tradition from the types of "authoritarianism", then "evaluation" with its two sub-components, namely "comparison" and "moral evaluation", play an important role in legitimizing or delegitimizing an issue in this discourse.This research also shows that through these strategies, Khalil Hasan Khalil legitimized issues such as freedom, justice, equality, courage, and the formation of a just society, and at the same time, issues such as exploitation, and the capitalist system, and the fear of Power holders and other issues have been delegitimized.
