Qader Qaderi, Javad Karkhaneh, Mahdi Mohammadinejad, Mohammadmahdi Roshanchesli, Zolaykha Janali Niya Syahkalroodi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
Women’s literature has experienced a new stage in the last two centuries with the presence of more women in the field of literature and the use of feminine language in order to defend women’s rights. This type of literature holds a special significance because women showcase parts of their inner issues in their literary works by paying attention to their personal characteristics by drawing on love and affection, as well as being influenced by the heavy pressures they always face in their societies. Among the most famous of these women, we can mention in Ghada al-Samman, the author of The Impossible Novel and Emily Bronte, the author of Wuthering Heights. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, this study finds that marriage, women’s right to choose a spouse, clothing, education, work, and economic-social activity are the common points between these two authors. Finally, the education of women is central to the oeuvre of both of the authors.
Qader Qaderi, Fezzeh Niyazi,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2026)
Abstract
Discourse analysis is one of the significant branches of literary studies and narratology, focusing on a holistic approach to examining the structural and functional elements of narrative. Gérard Genette, a prominent theorist of structuralism, is among those who have provided a comprehensive framework for narrative theory, establishing a scientific foundation for discourse analysis. This study examines the novel "Bab al-Tabashir" by Ahmed Saadawi, a contemporary Iraqi writer, through the lens of Genette's narrative discourse theory. The aim of this research is to analyze the elements of time, form, and tone as three fundamental components of narration, and to explore their role in representing the identity crisis of Ali Najee, the challenges faced by Layla Hamid, and the reflection of the social life of the Iraqi people. Additionally, this study analyzes the emergence of Ali Najee as a savior and the use of the seven Sumerian spells within the context of a surrealistic narrative, emphasizing the impact of these narrative techniques. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical method based on Genette's theories, with the goal of analyzing how narrative techniques influence the portrayal of intellectual conflicts the author addresses regarding issues of identity, social problems, and the role of the savior. The findings of the research suggest that Saadawi, through the use of techniques such as anachrony, temporal jumps, and interruptions, dual focalization, and changes in the intensity of character roles, has established a simultaneous relationship between the narrative and the core subject of the story. These techniques not only serve to depict the personal and social consequences of events, but also act as tools to highlight key themes such as intellectual conflicts and the social identity of the characters. These artistic elements are creatively employed in "Bab al-Tabashir", giving the work distinctive features that set it apart from other works in modern literature. In particular, the dual focus on narrative perspective and the intensity shifts in character roles effectively convey the individual and social impacts of the events in this work.
