Studies in

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This article examines textual fragmentation and dispersion in Muʼnis Razzāz’s Alive in the Dead Sea (1997). It can be suggested that the novel’s fragmented textually refers to a chaotic and disorganized society, a fragmentation that can be observed at textual, temporal, spatial, character, and resolution of conflict levels. In the novel the author provides an atmosphere characterized with doubt, uncertainty, lack of faith and logic to strip classic texts of their realist and logical color. Accordingly, the novel’s fragmented textually is a democratic attempt not only to reflect dissonance and disorder but also to violate all rational and realistic principles so as to achieve borderless and infinite freedom, and confusion. As such, the novel narrates a new story based on nightmares and dreams that are indispensable to modern life. Here, Razzāz attempts to showcase the chaos and absurdity of contemporary life through textual fragmentation and confusion that generates multiple narrative levels.

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Among the literary works, the short story has a special place and is among the most important arts that deal with the reform of the society and related issues. Meanwhile, the character is the basic part of the short story and the center of transferring ideas and showing events. Grimas is one of the theorists who examines the actions of the characters in the story. In this theory, the characters of the story, determine the general trajectory of the story in the interactive actors such as sender, receiver, actor, object, helper and deterrent. Jamal Ghitani is one of the leading Egyptian writers who has been among the greats of contemporary fiction by innovating in fiction. The fictional collection of "Arz- Arz " is one of the works of this contemporary creative writer, which consists of seven short stories and one of this stories is ‘Osfur Al- Sheta Al- Mohajer’ In which the author writes about the Presence of an war-torn child into a horrific environment of war. In this descriptive-analytical study, the application of the Grimas model in the characterization of this story has been investigated. The results of the research show that the author of the story has been able to implement the grimace actor model in this story by carefully using the characters and processing them. And in this regard, he has used all kinds of actors in creating the characters of his story and by creating dual contrasts, he has clearly explained the different actors.  In this story, both human and non-living characters are seen, and Ghitani has used both direct and indirect character processing methods to process the characters.  The characters of the story are pictures of the people of the Egyptian society in the age of the writer and this has led to the emergence of meaningful characters from them.