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Abolhasan Amin Moqaddasi, Raouf Tavakoli, Meisam Karami Enayat,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Fall and winter 2022 2022)
Abstract

Literature emanates from human mind, and the analysis of human mental actions contributes a lot to literary criticism. Psychoanalysis, as the science connecting literature and psychology, has been able to reflect the problems of society through psychoanalytic concepts by entering the field of literature and processing and analyzing the literary texts through characters and their inner states. In his novel Lascivious Eyes, the Saudi novelist Qmashh Allyan recreated the characters of the story through a psychoanalytic approach and highlighted the impact of divorce on the emergence of various types of psychological anxiety for children. Using the descriptive-analytical method and Freud's psychoanalytic criticism and relying on his theories of anxiety and defense mechanisms and the way these concepts are applied and implemented by the characters, this study seeks to analyze the impact of divorce on the actions and reactions of the novel's characters in order to provide a better insight about the phenomenon in question by extracting its components. The results showed that the two main characters of the story, after their family breakdown, were suffering in various situations from realistic, neurotic and moral anxiety and resorted to defense mechanisms according to the situation where they felt anxious to protect themselves from unbearabale realities and mental conflicts.
 

Bashir Amin,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Fall and winter 2022 2022)
Abstract

Time and space are parts of the major components in fiction literature that could not be separated from each other, both of them play a tremendous role in novel setting. This research aimed to examine the structure of time and space in “the Year, and Journey of az-Zahra” of Murtadha Abdussalam Al-Haqiq in order to affirm to which extent the novelist succeeded in constructing these two components in his novels. Descriptive method was adopted for the research. The study revealed that time and space were given great values during the narration and they were both linked with other components in the novels. The researcher discovered many results at the end of the study, these include but not limited to the fact that the novelist adopted modern narrative techniques to construct time and space in the novels. While narrating time of events, he used paradox techniques to brief the reader about past events and predicted the future of characters. He equally depended on summary and omission to speed up the narration forward to avoid missioning issues that do not fit the content of the narration. He then used dialogue and descriptive pause to slow down the narration to reveal the emotions and feelings of the characters. On the structure of space, the novelist succeeded in giving an accurate description to all spaces in the novels and attached a special cultural values to them, such as; denoting poverty and wealth, open  and close spaces, rural and urban. Finally, space-time in the novels was able to determine the path of the characters, revealing their emotions and affiliations, expressing their concerns and obsessions, and carrying their visions and aspirations.

 

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