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----- Zahra Safarpoor, Dr Akram Roshanfekr, Dr Amir Hossein Rasulnia, Dr Mohsen Saifi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Fall and winter 2022 2022)
Abstract
The novel is not only a type of narrative; Rather, on the occasion of benefiting from writing techniques, it has a full capacity for analysis based on contemporary critical theories, because if its structure is mounted in a correct way, it will be fully capable of layering. The underlying parts of its superstructure can be better charted based on structural analysis. In the meantime, Todorov's theory, with the collective wisdom of structuralists, provides a precise engineering system for analyzing the novel. Todorov considers three levels in the geometry of the novel. The first level is the text of the novel, which is provided by the storage of words of the author in the pages of the novel, and the words are coded according to the author's ability, and according to his innovation, they sit side by side in such a way that understanding them is crucial. It requires technical skills. That's why, in examining the text, one should focus on the writing techniques and techniques so that by recognizing the common points, the differences can be identified and the author's artistic performances in the text can be identified. Apart from the text, the second level of the geometry of the novel, from Todorov's point of view, are the series (progresses). This article aims to analyze the novel Harith al-Miyyah by Hoda Barakat in a descriptive-analytical way, based on Todorov's narrative series. The most important result is that this novel was written with a main series, a secondary series, and a semi-series with a narrative interior, and alternation in the narration. Harith al-Miyah also shows a full capacity in adapting Todorov's narrative aspects, because it has news and non-news aspects and various examples in non-news types, including desire, in two mandatory and wishful types, and hypothetical in two conditional types and The forecast is found in it.
Golafrooz Mohebbi, Amir Hossein Rasoulnia, Ruhollah Sayadinejad,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (4-2024)
Abstract
Sahar Khalifa, a contemporary Palestinian novelist, is one of the prominent novelists of the Arab world. His novels have gained wide fame all over the world due to the reflection of Palestinian realities, especially resistance, social and women's issues, as well as due to the use of an attractive and effective language structure. In Al-Sabbar (1967), Khalifa deals with the issues that the Palestinian society encountered. She uses a linguistic structure that is often distinct in all kinds of narrations. This study examines the novel’s distinct narrative characteristics based on Abdul Malik Murtad’s classification. The study finds that Sahar Khalifa has used all the narrative forms proposed by Abdul malik Mortad, namely narrative texture, dialogue. and monologue. Also, he has used all narrative pronouns (third person, second person and first person) in her novel, and the third person pronoun is the most used in the narration of event. In addition, in the narrative based on the third person pronoun, he often relies on medium eloquent language, and when he decides to emphasize more on drawing the dialogue space of the two sides in the narrative, he fluctuate between using eloquent language and simple (colloquial) dialect, but when the time comes the characters have dialogue with each other, the uneducated characters often use street slang and the educated characters use eloquent and simple language.
Houshang Aghaei Anarmarzi, Javad Mohammadzadeh, Mohsen Seifi, Rouhollah Sayyadinejad,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (3-2025)
Abstract
Personality is one of the main elements in the structure of a novel; because this element participates in its events, whether negatively or positively, and it is one of the narrative techniques on which the novel is based and is considered a factor of its success, distinction, and immortality. Among the types of personalities, the role of the hero or protagonist, as the most prominent element, also excites and stimulates the reader's emotions throughout the novel and creates synergy and convergence with the audience. The actions of the novel are centered on the protagonist's role, to the extent that it overlaps with other influential characters; therefore, in the present study, an attempt is made to investigate the components of the protagonist's personality and to recognize its dimensions in Rabee Jaber's novel "Al-I'tirafat" based on Eysenck's personality theory, using a library method and relying on a descriptive-analytical method. A novel whose events revolve around "Maroun," a character who experienced the Lebanese civil war and reveals his inner conflicts from which he suffers. The main goal of this article is to examine the typology of the character of "Confessions" based on this theory, a theory that analyzes and examines temperaments in three types of introverted, psychotic, and neurotic. These three dimensions provide a framework that enables us to understand personality traits and encourages us to better reveal their complexities. The achievement of the research indicates that due to the tense atmosphere derived from the Lebanese civil war, the presence of the main and influential character of the novel has a shaky and abnormal identity and is faced with an internal and identity crisis that has no fate other than darkness and misery. Based on Eysenck's personality theory, the index of neuroticism and introversion has the highest frequency compared to other components, such as extroversion and psychosis, which play an enigmatic role. The most important signs of neuroticism are imbalance in behavior, mental confusion caused by past bitter events, confession of guilt or remorse, and signs of introversion, anxiety, feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness or constant inferiority in daily life, and signs of psychosis include lack of concentration, memory weakness, and stagnation and lack of adaptation to environmental changes.
Raziyeh Kargar, Mohsen Seifi, Rouhollah Siyadi Nejad,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (8-2025)
Abstract
Abstract
The phenomenon of migration is more prevalent than ever. Despite the diversity of motivations, origins, and host countries, this phenomenon exhibits recurring elements that have prompted researchers from various disciplines to examine these commonalities. Given that literature serves as a mirror reflecting social and political phenomena, it is essential to explore these recurring elements within literary works. In recent decades, a branch of literature known as diaspora literature has emerged, providing an academic framework for analyzing the poetry and prose of writers living outside their homeland as a distinct literary genre. The concept of homeland holds significant importance in this literary genre, and diaspora scholars have offered diverse perspectives on this concept. Recently, this concept has expanded beyond the traditional homeland-host society dichotomy, allowing diaspora actors to represent the concept of homeland within Trans locality through the manifestations of the host country, particularly religious manifestations that have a high capacity for accommodating the concept of Trans locality. This paper aims to employ a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the concept of homeland in Ali Al-Qasimi's novel, “Marafi al hob assabaa”. Al-Qasimi (1942), an Iraqi author residing in Morocco, presents a unique and unconventional perspective on the homeland in his novel, which has not been previously explored by researchers. Through the eyes of the protagonist, Salim, the author offers a fresh perspective on the quest for homeland. In the stages of "my homeland" and "the foreign country," Salim compares the various aspects of other countries to his homeland while searching for the concept of homeland, but he is unable to find his lost paradise in exile. When he suffers from a "homesickness" disease in America, he realizes that as a diaspora actor, he must seek to satisfy his desire for belonging and rooting rather than longing for a specific geographical homeland. Consequently, he travels to Morocco, as an Arab-Islamic country, which helps him to satisfy his feelings of longing for his homeland and find the concept of homeland in a different geography. The quest for the concept of homeland in various emotional relationships, the diverse representations of this concept within a woman, and the discovery of an ideal city within her are among the most significant findings of this research.
