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Mina Nikjo, Dr. Robabe Ramezani ,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (Spring and summer 2021)
Abstract
Narratology concerns a set of principle about narrative styles, the systems that govern narrative or storytelling, and plot structure. Narration is a kind of two-layered time-sequence: the time of narration and the narrative time. One of the important issues addressed by structuralist theory is the relationship between time and narrative, or crystallization of time within the narrative. Gérard Genette, Vladimir Propp, Grimas, and Tsveton Todorov are pioneers of this structuralist approach, who developed the study of narration in literature. Genet proposed five important narrative elements for analyzing the structures of literary texts: order, anachrony, continuity, frequency and narrative time. Colette El Khoury is prolific writer who has written significant short stories including “The Female Word”, “The Years of Love and War”, and “The Fragrant Dates, My Fingers Will Touch the Sun”. Addressing issues like history and issue of women Colette El Khoury does not follow the natural and linear flow of events. He uses anachronic techniques such as flash back and flash forward to create suspense in her stories. Also, frequency and continuity play an important role in her stories. Such innovative narrative techniques can be used in roder to analyze classic literary text from a new angle.
Raja Abuali, Maedeh Zohriarab,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (Spring & Sammer 2022)
Abstract
Metafiction is a style of writing novel and a phenomenon that emerges from postmodern narration, and one of its features is experimentation and breaking the familiar patterns of the novel and there is no doubt that metafiction is a kind of displacement in the narrative and it tends to produce a new vision and a new discourse that dominates over the discourse that is known to everyone, and on this basis, metafiction opens more than one subject for the recipient. It also means "the story about the story," that is, the novel's talk about itself or the description of its inner world, and it discusses its critical perceptions about the narration. However, the attempt of metafiction to break and destroy the old and build it again in a different framework, is what made it a postmodern technique. It is important to say that "William Gass" is one of the famous who used this term in his critical studies. The phenomenon of metafiction has attracted the attention of researchers, and they are applying it to a number of Arabic and other novels; hence the idea of this research came to apply the features and forms of metafiction in the novel "Azazel" by Youssef Zaidan, based on the descriptive-analytical style. Hence, the aim of this research is to explore metafictive forms by analyzing their metafictive text to show the writer's creativity. One of the results we have reached in this research is that the metafictive style in this novel is seen through aspects such as: reference to writing, the rebellion of characters against the author, breaking chronology and other metafictive techniques.
Zohreh Ghorbani Madavani, Masoumeh Mikaeili,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (Autumn&Winter 2022)
Abstract
A significant concern in literary studies is the rights and status of women. The image of women in literature is affected by cultural and social realities, and in turn, can change these realities. This showcases the importance of novels that address feminism from perspectives. The Blue-Collar Girl narrates the outbreak of an epidemy in the future that affects women’s life and causes important changes in the world. These changes create new limitations for some women that deprive them of basic life rights including family life, education, work, and marriage. This study, adopting a descriptive-analytical framework, examines the continuous and multi-faceted oppression of women and the distinctive image of women in The Blue-Collar Girl to showcase the role of women in liberating women from oppression. It finds that, in terms of characterizing a female heroine, the novel presents a distinctive image of women underpinned by courage, strength, hard work, rescue, self-reliance and other positive characteristics. Such a heroine image liberates women from slavery and oppression in order to reclaim their deprived rights. The novel implies that submission deprives people of their rights.
Raja Abu Ali, Akram Habibi Bardbouri,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
The external layers of the text attract the attention of researchers in the study of literary texts, especially novels, And since “Gerargent” raised the issue of the textual layers of the text, this issue has become more prominent in critical fields. This article aims to understand the signs of the cover and its components in the novel “Nazif al-Hajr” by “Ebrahim Alkouni” a contemporary novelist. Therefore, this article studies all the components of the book cover, including the :color, title, and the photo on the cover, Because the cover of this novel contains semiotic meanings that deserve to be investigated and researched, And examining the cover of this novel shows that the author does not choose the cover of her book without reason, Rather, the novelist has goals in choosing the cover of his novel, and this research shows that the cover of this novel covers all the events of the novel. As the cover of this novel shows the goals and important events of the novel such as: totemism and the relationship between man and the totem, The reason for choosing this novel and studying its cover is that the cover in this novel is a strong focus on storing the inner text. The approach followed in this article is the analytical descriptive approach in the light of “Gerargent's theory”, which is related to the book cover, The cover of this novel reflects the meanings of murder, violence, blood, suffering and pain. Among the most important findings of the article: the photo on the cover of the novel depicts the intimate relationship between the animal (mountain goat) and “Asoof” (the hero of the novel), red color is the only dominant color in the cover of this novel. It is a symbol of killing and blood, and the title has been successful in drawing the important concepts of the text, both at the linguistic, metaphorical and figurative levels.
Maedeh Zohriarab, Raja Abuali ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
The postmodern novel is characterized by a set of distinct features. This research examines the representation of fragmentation within the postmodern novel, as numerous postmodern authors have employed this innovative narrative technique to disrupt the narrative arc and dismantle the organized linear structure of storytelling. The fragmented novel plays a significant role in postmodern literature, offering a new perspective that accords with the demands of contemporary society due to its capacity to establish conventions that diverge from traditional norms. From this perspective, fragmentation is a pivotal characteristic of the postmodern novel, reflecting a departure from established traditions and a move away from regularity, coherence, and codification within the narrative. This deviation represents a profound means of broadening the scope of the novel. Khalil Sweileh’s The Writer of Love exemplifies the postmodern novel, incorporating various forms of fragmentation within its narrative. The significance of this research is underscored by the fact that Sweileh’s novel offers a compelling exploration of the fragmentation and disarray prevalent in society. It serves as a commentary on the human condition in a world marked by division and inconsistency. Through a descriptive-analytical examination of this novel, we identified several prominent features of fragmentation, including disjointed plot development, a fragmented spatiotemporal structure, a lack of cohesive narrative, the author’s liberation from conventional constraints, and varied writing styles. Furthermore, we concluded that fragmentation symbolizes chaos and the disjointed existence experienced by the characters, each of whom is caught between their past and present, as well as between their desires and reality. The disorder and confusion in time and space reflect the uncertainty and instability of the self.
Raja Abuali, Ahmad Arefi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Baudrillard claims that politicians who secretly and openly control people distort the truth through technological tools, media, brands, consumer culture, politics, and other factors. This distortion, by creating false informational facts that cause conflict and a dialectical duality between truth and hyperreality, has become a tool for controlling human minds and stripping them of their will. In this context, victory lies with the dominant reality constructed by major stakeholders, business creators, and capitalists who promote their industrial products, as well as the energy consumers and thought controllers. The novel Shifa: The Small Century Manuscript is a science fiction work in which the author addresses the issue of technology and media that distort the truth. This study analyzes the novel using a descriptive-analytical method and employing Baudrillard’s theory along with linguistic and narrative techniques. It concludes that the author uses postmodern techniques to construct hyperreality and discusses the destructive technologies of the U.S. government that conceal scientific and security secrets. These secrets are ultimately revealed by Isaac Jamil, the novel’s protagonist, following his terrestrial and space travels with a scientific mission team by UFO. Upon his return, he is detained by the U.S. government to prevent the disclosure of secrets among the public, and his character is transformed into a passive and weak individual through torture with contemporary technological mechanisms. In the novel, hyperreality is constructed through mechanisms such as technology, media, alienation, ambiguity, simulation, hybridization, wonder, estrangement, events, characters, language, image dominance, space and time, and power. This indicates a lack of democracy and the dominance of power, transcending reality and entering an imperceptible and supernatural world.
Amir Farhangnia, Zahra Sadat Yasini,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (1-2026)
Abstract
The place is considered one of the most important narrative components in the novel, and the readers’ attachment to this literary genre has increased, due to the relationship that binds the person to the place as a refuge to which he takes shelter and takes refuge in it. And give it an aesthetic character. Abdul Hamid Judah Al-sahar, one of the most prominent authors of the Egyptian novel. Al-Sahar chose in it from the wide and broad life an important historical period in the history of Egypt that begins before the First World War and its events take place in many different places, including closed, open, domestic, and sacred, and these places are associated with different personalities. The article aims to study the spatial binaries, including the open, the closed, the friendly, and the sacred, and their impact on the characters of the novel "The Harvest", in order to reveal the controlling structure in the fictional text, based on the descriptive-analytical approach. Some of the results show that Al-Sahar paid great attention to spatial binaries, and for him the place takes on its true value through its relationship with the fictional characters, and the feelings they show regarding various binaries such as fear, security, exhilaration, joy, justice and inequality. different in this story. Al-Sahar took care of presenting the spatial binaries and describing them accurately, in which it appears that the relationship between the personality and the place is opposite in influence and vulnerability, and that the spatial binaries in this novel exceeded the dimensions of the place and were implemented in the various characters.
