Dr. Saeed Difallah, Hassainah Hammachi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
This research intends to examine those cultural paradigms that have been briefly summarized by some the contemporary Tunisian, Moroccan, and Algerian feminist narrative works based on a descriptive-analytical method and through a cultural approach in which the categories of cultural criticism and systemic procedures are used while help in text exploring and researching the unspoken help to penetrate possible spaces and search for the dominant paradigm. Therefore, the present study has selected examples of the novelists (Tunisian, Moroccan, and Algerian) with the titles (Ghurbat al-Yasmeen, the A ‘am Al-Fil, and Sa’zef Nafsi Amamek), in which their works included cultural paradigm and seek to create a narrative text-based approach with aesthetic and intellectual features, but it includes semantic and cultural rebellion that is quite different from the physical features of the text and it turn the text to the scene of contradictory cultural and intellectual paradigms. Among the most important paradigms which have been examined in the three selected narrations, we can mention manhood, the approach of humiliating women and the approach of a religious institution. The feminist narrative of the Maghreb is a covenant that protects the existence of Maghreb women, and is a platform that express their voice in the form of democracy, and to remove the darkness that they have suffered for so long.
Abdollah Hosseini, Kaveh Rahimi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Prison literature is one of lyric literatures which is formed proper to social and political conditions of different communities and is narrative of truthful emotions of those who have been captivated with the penalty of freedom loving and were persecuted and tortured. Aimanulatum)1972) and Bozorg Alavi (1907) are of Arabic and Persian contemporary literature authors who have started literary creation in this domain. the novel "ya sahebi- al- sejen" is the story of 18 months imprisonment of a Jordan writer with the penalty of composing a verse criticizing government and fighting against the high price of bread and inviting the communist party to protest against the governing system in this verse. the novel “fifty three people" tries to expnine grimness and disgracing actions of the prison agents to leftist political prisoners in the frame of fifty three people with the centrality of the author himself and doctor Arani and reflexes an image of social- political space of Rezashah - Pahlavi black period. The present research tries to investigate and comparatively analyze the two selected novels in terms of literature with analytical - descriptive method and based on American school of comparative literature, and coms to the result that the both authors purpose in writing these novels is to describe the enlightment space and the way of governments interactions with intellectuals in Iran and Jordan؛with this difference that freedom of the fifty three people is the starting spot of the fighting The most important images of prison literature in both novels include threat and torture, hunger strike and relation to family.
Bashir Amin,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Time and space are parts of the major components in fiction literature that could not be separated from each other, both of them play a tremendous role in novel setting. This research aimed to examine the structure of time and space in “the Year, and Journey of az-Zahra” of Murtadha Abdussalam Al-Haqiq in order to affirm to which extent the novelist succeeded in constructing these two components in his novels. Descriptive method was adopted for the research. The study revealed that time and space were given great values during the narration and they were both linked with other components in the novels. The researcher discovered many results at the end of the study, these include but not limited to the fact that the novelist adopted modern narrative techniques to construct time and space in the novels. While narrating time of events, he used paradox techniques to brief the reader about past events and predicted the future of characters. He equally depended on summary and omission to speed up the narration forward to avoid missioning issues that do not fit the content of the narration. He then used dialogue and descriptive pause to slow down the narration to reveal the emotions and feelings of the characters. On the structure of space, the novelist succeeded in giving an accurate description to all spaces in the novels and attached a special cultural values to them, such as; denoting poverty and wealth, open and close spaces, rural and urban. Finally, space-time in the novels was able to determine the path of the characters, revealing their emotions and affiliations, expressing their concerns and obsessions, and carrying their visions and aspirations.
Majid Saleh Bek, Shahrzad Amirsoleymani,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
In general,this research seeks to reveal the concept of critical discourse and its mechanism in the novel Sons of the Wind written by Laila Atrash.The point of view of narrative discourse fluctuates between the narrative content and its narrative components and the critical view of the novelist about the facts of her life which is published in the form of discourse in her work.The basis of critical discourse studies is the examination of the relationship between discourse and power,or between discourse and society in general,and it is considered one of the definite matters of its research.Norman Fairclough`s theory is a social cognitive model that deals with the critical analysis of texts.It deals ith the text as a literary text and as a discourse affected by the social context and influencing it.Therefore, the basis of this researh is to link presentation with analysis through Fairclough`s critical discourse analysis approach,an approach based on which language use is a communicative event that includes three dimensions.The first dimension is textual and is based on linguistic and formal features from which the discourse of the novel is derived.The second dimension is a discourse that includes the process of producing,expanding and using the text.And the third dimension is social and cultural,which is based on the interpretations and its relationship with the social context during the creation of the textT and Through that the external context affecting the text is analyzed.The results of this reserch,after applying the criteria of Fairclough`s theory in the novel Sons of the wind,are such that language means words,constructions,text structure and textual coherence towards changing the previous values of the society and imposing new values that are conflict with the wrong behavior of organizations and people of the society towards children living in orphanages and have tried to change the strict laws of the Ministry of Development.In the stage of interpretation,the narrator has described the climate governing the society through clear and obvious discourse that is in agreement with his ideology.In the formation explanation stage,he specifies that the living conditions of childeren in orphanages and their problems in society are among the effective factorse in the of the novel`s main discourse.
Dr Mehrdad Aghaei , Dr Hasan Najafi, Mr Mahziar Iranmanesh,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2022)
Abstract
The usage of humorous language is one of the best ways to create joy and happiness in the audience, which can indirectly criticize and correct many shortcomings and deficiency. Therefore, this type of literature has been considered by literary scholars. Arabic and French literature, especially in the contemporary era, has been the scene of a stronger and better emergence in the field of Humorous allusions. Maron Abboud a prominent Lebanese novelist, and Stendhal famous writers of French literature, have done so many literary works that can be examined from a view of Humorous allusions. In this research, first, the definition of humor and its background and position in both Arabic and French literature were discussed. Then, relying on the American comparative school and descriptive-analytical method, we examined the most important Functions of humor in the Short Story Collection "Wojooh wa Hekayat" by Maroon Abboud and the Novel "Red and Black" by Stendhal. And we sought to find an answer to this question: What are the grounds for the emergence of humorous in the works of the both authors? What are the differences and commonalities between both of them in using Functions humorous? The results indicate that Maroon Abboud and Stendhal, despite not having a literary connection and having a time and space interval, have used a variety of literary techniques and humorous methods such as contradiction, conflict, Caricature illustration, etc. to highlight the humorous aspect and critique of defects.
Tayebeh Amirian , Jahangir Amiri,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2022)
Abstract
The Thousand and One Nights, with its varied features based on the process of narration, description and dialogue between the characters in the space of time and place, reflects the reality of society in its various aspects, where the contemporary novelist seeks to enhance his novelistic effectiveness by being inspired by The Thousand and One Nights, as a source text, with the refinement of his literary faculties and his mind for creation. “Soulaf Baghdad” by Muhsin Jassim al-Musawi, the Iraqi critic and novelist, who borrowed “Baghdad” to represent the bleak Iraqi reality after the American occupation, is only the evidence of his direct, creative and indirect influence on the narrative climates of the tales of the nights from the stylistic point of view. For the spread of his ideas, his novelistic or creative experience, and his critical skill, as a literary critic, he is immersed in the concepts and techniques of narration simultaneously. Getting to know the novelist's motive for inspiration from the narrative framework of The Thousand and One Nights, explains the necessity of conducting the current research using the descriptive-analytical method. It seems to us that the narrative structure of the novel, with its overlapping narrative structure, secret places, and the presence of eccentric characters, bringing poetry, associated with the thousand and one nights. It can be said that this influence is a driving force for a project that aims to draw the atmosphere of Baghdad, the tragic past of the fifties and Baghdad, its unknown and frightening future, next to the conditions and facts of “Soulaf” with its people, with several narrations in one narration by the narrator of Scheherazade, between reality and imagination. As for the content of the fictional work, It can be said that according to the author's critical viewpoint and the many books he wrote in the field of criticism of The Thousand and One Nights and Arabic narratology has provided his novel with an artistic image with a new reading of The Thousand and One Nights and the mechanisms of intellectual vision in it.
Saeid Savari,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (12-2022)
Abstract
Literary genres in the contemporary period, especially since the use of narrative techniques by contemporary poets, have got intertwined, and poets have used narrative techniques for aesthetic purposes and connecting them with meaning in poetry. With regard to this, this study examines the contemporary prose-odes of Ibrahim Nasrallah and the interaction between contemporary poetry and narrative techniques in order to analyze their aesthetic and semantic features. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical framework in order to both extract narrative techniques from contemporary prose odes and explain why the poet does not depart from the structure of poetry and prose odes despite the use of story-telling techniques. It finds that the mixture of real and emotional dimensions in Ibrahim Nasrallah’s poetry is due to the Palestine case which forms the main real part of his poetry. The poet's narrative techniques are aesthetic devices to communicate the aesthetic and semantic dimensions of his odes. In this regard, the poet’s poetry responded to narrative elements, built upon several techniques and methods that express his vision, ideas, and emotional state. His style consists of literary aesthetic and semantic development in order to cover spaces, contexts, and semantic gaps, as well as a dense plurality of transferring images and narrative profiles in order to expand the poetic text towards worldview.
Dr Mojtaba Behroozi, Ali Asghar Habibi , Miss Mona Mortazavinasab,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
The utilization of imaginative elements in literature intended for children and young adults constitutes a method employed by authors to address fundamental aspects of childhood, including the enhancement of imagination, fostering good behavior, instilling courage, and promoting wisdom. An illustration of this technique is evident in the folklore narrative titled "Mah Pishooni," which is shared across various literary works, emphasizing a fantastical approach. In this research, employing the descriptive-analytical method and drawing upon the American comparative literature school, an exploration is undertaken on the high fantasy genre within the children's narrative " Mah Pishooni" (known as Badr al-Budur in Arabic) as crafted by Persian and Arabic authors. The examination encompasses four stories contributed by four distinct writers: Fazlollah Mohtadi, Mitra Bayat, Yaqub al-Sharouni, and Kamil al-Kilani. The objective of this study is to scrutinize the distinctions and similarities among various subgenres of high fantasy, including gothic, didactic, animal, fairy, quest, allegorical fantasy, etc. within the specified statistical population. The findings of the study reveal that Persian stories exhibit a greater prevalence of high fantasy genres, surpassing Arabic stories by a factor of 4.7. Furthermore, among the stories analyzed, " Mah Pishooni based on Folklore" stands out as the most fantastical, boasting a frequency of 66 fantasy genres in the examined statistical population.
Sajjad Farokhipour , Norudin Parvin,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (11-2023)
Abstract
The complex system of Arabic syntax and orthography which is dependent on multi-layered semantics and derivatives has rendered Arabic translation a difficult task. Meanwhile, translation into Arabic, due to aesthetic features of the Arabic language concerning morphology, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics that underpin different semantic functions in deep and surface structures, is more difficult. Accordingly, examining these subtle yet important particularities cannot be traced Among ignored by the hackneyed translation studies frameworks. Ideational meta-functions, where the interplay between syntax and semantics brings about a text’s semantic constructs, are relatively understudied in translation studies in general and Arabic translation in particular. As translators mainly adopt linear, form-based, and/or meaning-based approaches, these meta-functions are left understudied. This study adopts an innovative approach based on Halliday’s systemic functional grammar to address the potential linguistic losses in the Arabic translation of The Prophet. It is observed that, although almost all of the meta-functions are adequately transferred into Arabic, some of them are not conveyed properly due to the improper selection of syntactic structure verbs.
Qader Qaderi, Javad Karkhaneh, Mahdi Mohammadinejad, Mohammadmahdi Roshanchesli, Zolaykha Janali Niya Syahkalroodi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
Women’s literature has experienced a new stage in the last two centuries with the presence of more women in the field of literature and the use of feminine language in order to defend women’s rights. This type of literature holds a special significance because women showcase parts of their inner issues in their literary works by paying attention to their personal characteristics by drawing on love and affection, as well as being influenced by the heavy pressures they always face in their societies. Among the most famous of these women, we can mention in Ghada al-Samman, the author of The Impossible Novel and Emily Bronte, the author of Wuthering Heights. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, this study finds that marriage, women’s right to choose a spouse, clothing, education, work, and economic-social activity are the common points between these two authors. Finally, the education of women is central to the oeuvre of both of the authors.
Tahereh Chaldareh, Fatemeh Ahmadi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him), in addition to his prophetic status, embodies the image of a mystic who successfully passes different stages of spiritual journey and the struggle against the self, which manifest in various forms such as the “denial of Azar, the sacrifice of his offspring, and the fire of Nimrod”. He ascends from the stage of annihilation in Allah to the station of subsistence by Him and becomes an Allah’s friend. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to explore the truths and subtleties of the story of Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) through reflections on the poetry of Ibn Farid of Egypt and Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, both of whom stand at the pinnacle of theoretical and practical mysticism. In this research, the commonalities in the poetry of these two renowned poets are first examined and analyzed in three sections: "Abraham (peace be upon him) and the Birds", "Abraham (peace be upon him) and the Fire of Nimrod", and "Abraham (peace be upon him) and the Stars". Subsequently, the distinctions in each poet’s interpretation of the stages of Prophet Abraham's (peace be upon him) status, his relationship with Azar, and the sacrifice of his son are elucidated. The findings indicate that Ibn Farid, unlike Molavi, does not adopt an allegorical perspective on the birds. In discussing the fire of Nimrod, Ibn Farid attributes the extinguishing of the fire and its transformation into a rose garden as the result of Abraham’s connection to the state of unity and survival after annihilation. Conversely, Molavi views the fire of Nimrod as the fire of the self, which, when transcended, transforms into flowers and basil. Ibn Farid perceives the stars as manifestations of the Divine, while Molavi argues that the prophets did not initially attain the stage of monotheism and ascribe independent existence to beings. Ibn Farid delves into the inner secrets and allegorical meanings of the rituals of Hajj, considering the status of Abraham as a special guardianship, Mecca as the Divine Presence, and the pilgrim as the manifestation of the Hidden Presence in the four pillars. Molavi, on the other hand, regards Azar and the sacrifice of the son as liberation from the attachments of the self and nature..
Shaker Amery, Ali Shahriari,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
In presenting events, a writer heavily relies on conflict which is considered the main driving force of the fictional work. Conflict is a key element in dramatic texts and plays an important role in developing events in them. It reveals the differences arising from conflicting opinions and viewpoints among the characters regarding a particular issue or idea between the characters of the play. This research, based on a descriptive-analytical method, aims to study the conflict in Tawfiq al-Hakim’s Ya Tali’ al-Shajara. This play is one of the first plays written in an absurd style in Arabic literature, depicting events in an absurd manner. The play presented a new concept of the internal conflict and specific worldview of its characters. It appears that Al-Hakim paid great attention to the psychological dimensions of the characters in this play, a hallmark of the theater of the absurd. Al-Hakim skillfully used all kinds of conflict in the play, although the internal conflict was more evident in it. The conflict in this play is not between human desires but between abstract mental positions and ideas, represented by contrasting pairs such as dream and reality, fantasy and reality, immortality and annihilation.
Elham Khademi, Marzie Abad, Mohammad Javad Mahdavi, Mahdi Kermani,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (6-1983)
Abstract
In Erik Homburger Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescence is the fifth stage. The main problem of this stage is the identity crisis, although not in its critical sense. In this article, identity is explored based on this theory in the Arabic young adult novel Cappuccino and the Persian Call Me Ziba. The novel Cappuccino is written by Fatima Sharafeddin, a Lebanese writer, and Call Me Ziba, is written by Farhad Hassanzadeh, an Iranian writer. The atmosphere of both novels is narrated in contemporary era. The main characters in Cappuccino are a young girl and a young boy, and the main character in Call Me Ziba is a young girl. These characters are involved in challenges and try to solve them. In Cappuccino, family violence of men against women is the main theme. Call Me Ziba portrays the most acute life conditions for adolescents and the possibility of getting rid of them. Paying attention to adolescence in order to form a successful identity has been the concern of many non-literary researches, but in literary studies, less attention has been paid to this period and the notion of identity; Therefore, in this research, the two novels are examined by using Erikson's theory, descriptive-analytical method, and the comparative literature approach. The results indicate that in the novels Cappuccino and Call Me Ziba, adolescent characteristics are placed in three categories based on Erikson's psychosocial development theory: 1) Identity crisis; 2) Identity-seeking, which itself includes the subcategories of identification, receiving social support and adolescent protest against the value system of adults in adolescence; and 3) Fidelity. Upon examining the place of identity and identity challenges of youngs in the novels Cappuccino and Call Me Ziba, it can be concluded that encouragement to patience, love of family, respect for elders, support of family members, understanding of family's unfavorable economic situation, and fidelity to family members are emphasized a lot.
