1. Argyle, Michael. The Psychology of Interpersonal Behaviour and Body Movement. Translated by Mahnaz Heidari, Tehran: Mahtab Publications, 1999.
2. Ahmadi, Babak. From Visual Signs to Text. Tehran: Markaz Publishing, 2015.
3. Al-Ansari, Muhammad ibn Abi Talib. Politics in the Science of Physiognomy, edited by Ahmad Farid Al-Mazidi, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 2005.
4. Eco, Umberto. Semiotics. Translated by Pirooz Izadi, Tehran: Sales Publishing, 2016.
5. Barakat, Salim. Sabaya Sinjar. Syria: Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing, 2016.
6. Toolan, Michael J. A Critical Linguistic Introduction to Narrative. Translated by Abolfazl Hari, Tehran: Farabi Cinema Foundation, 2004.
7. Heydari, Morteza. “The Application of Peirce’s Theories in the Study of Alphabetical Signs in Poets' Divans (Case Study: Anvari’s Divan).” Journal of Poetry Studies, no. 28, 2016, pp. 107–130.
8. Dinesen, Anne-Marie. An Introduction to Semiotics. Translated by Mozaffar Ghahreman, Abadan: Pursesh Publishing, 2010.
9. Richmond, Virginia P., and James C. McCroskey. Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations: A Textbook on Nonverbal Communication. Translated by Fatemeh Sadat Mousavi and Zheela Abdollahpour, supervised by Gholamreza Azari, 2nd ed., Tehran: Danjeh Publishing, 2009.
10. Al-Saraqibi, Walid Muhammad. “Semiotics of the Body in the Holy Qur’an: An Analytical Study.” Dawat Journal, vol. 4, no. 16, 2018, pp. 147–167.
11. Sharif-Nasab, Maryam. “Verbal Communication in Classical Persian Poetry: Questions and Answers, Dialogues, Debates, and Dialectic.” Kohan-Nameh-ye Adab-e Farsi, vol. 2, no. 2, 2011, pp. 71–88.
12. Shoairi, Hamidreza. Visual Sign-Semantics. Tehran: Sokhan Publishing, 2013.
13. Shaallaq, Ali. The Eye in Arabic Poetry. Beirut: Dar al-Andalus, 1984.
14. Chevalier, Jean, and Alain Gheerbrant. Dictionary of Symbols. Translated by Soudabeh Fazayeli, Tehran: Jeyhoon Publishing, 2009.
15. Safavi, Kourosh. Introduction to Literary Semiotics. Tehran: Elmi Publishing, 2014.
16. Zeimaran, Mohammad. Introduction to Semiotics. Tehran: Ghesseh Publishing, 2003.
17. Kalab, Mohammad Mostafa. “The Sign and the Novel: A Semiotic Study of The Curtains of Darkness by Walid Al-Houdali.” University of Sharjah Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, 2016, pp. 139–159.
18. Guiraud, Pierre. Semiotics. Translated by Mohammad Nabavi, Tehran: Agah Publishing, 2001.
19. Mohammadi, Yadollah, et al. “A Semiotic Analysis of a Ghazal by Rumi.” Journal of Religions, Sects, and Mysticism, no. 21, 2015, pp. 147–180.
20. Makaryk, Irena Rima. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory. Translated by Mehran Mohajer and Mohammad Nabavi, Tehran: Agah Publishing, 2014.
21. Mousa, Mohammad Al-Amin. Nonverbal Communication in the Holy Qur’an. Sharjah: Dar al-Thaqafa wa al-I’lam, 2003.
22. Nojoumian, Amir Ali. Semiotics. 1st ed., Tehran: Mowarid Publishing, 2017.
23. Yahaqi, Mohammad Jafar. Dictionary of Myths and Archetypes in Persian Literature. 1st ed., Tehran: Farhang-e Mo'aser Publishing, 2007.
24. Camayd-Freixas, Erik. “Theories of Magical Realism.” In Critical Insights: Magical Realism, edited by Ignacio López-Calvo, Salem Press, 2014, pp. 3–15.