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Abstract: (873 Views)
The discovery of intertextual relationships and linguistic processes governing the text space is always one of the most fascinating topics for linguists. In the 1970s, Michael Rifater, a French-American linguist and semiotician, presented his theory of semiotic reading with the view that the literary text is a complex structure and can be examined from different angles. Rifater's semiotic reading is a theory of textual reading and is based on the fact that the literary text is a communicative action that takes place between the author and the reader. By using signs, the author instills meaning into the text, and the reader understands the meaning of the text by interpreting these signs. Rifater believes that the literary text has a multi-layered structure. The first level of the text is the apparent level or zero level that the reader understands in the first place. The second level of the text is the decoding level or level one, where the reader understands the deeper meaning of the text by understanding the signs and the relationships between them. The third level of the text is the level of production or level two, where the reader produces a new meaning for himself by interacting with the text. This theory consists of irregularities, accumulation process, descriptive systems, hypogram and matrix. This research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way with the aim of reading the novel "Al-Shams fi Yoom Ghaem: The sun on a cloudy day" by Hana Mina, a famous Syrian writer. The result of this research indicates that the text matrix is a network of semantic relations between different hypograms that forms the semantic structure of the text. The matrix identified in the text of the novel is "the overthrow of the bourgeois regime". This matrix is a network of semantic relations between the three hypograms "Bourgeois system", "Social vigilance" and "General uprising". In this matrix, the bourgeois class is introduced as the main cause of inequality and discrimination in society. This class has wealth and power and uses this position to exploit the lower classes of society. This exploitation leads to social awakening in people. Social awakening makes people seek to change the existing system. This change can lead to ending the capitalist system and creating a fairer society.
Keywords: semiotics, Mikhail Rifater, ", Al-Shams fi Yom Ghaem", exploratory reading, semiotic reading.
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