Discourse in Druze of Belgrade in the new Historicism point of view

Authors
Houman Nazemian 1
Zhila Azimi 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Kharazmi University, Iran.
2 Kharazmi university
10.52547/san.3.1.233
Abstract
New historicism is an approach that emerged in response to traditional methods and traditional historicism in the late 20th century. New historians consider history a set of conflicting discourses and address the marginalized voices. They believe that what historians write is not an objective recording of the past events but the interpretation and narrative of the past events based on the discourse of historians. Therefore, history has a discursive nature and is a tradition of narration. In 2012 Rabee Jaber the Lebanese novelist won the International Prize for Arabic fiction for his novel “Druze of Belgrade”. This thesis tries to examine the novel from the perspective new historicism in order to recognize the relation of text with historical discourses. the results of the study show that there are six discourses represented in this article: the discourse of ottoman government, the discourse of European governments, the dialogue of the Balkans, the discourse of prisoners of prisoners, the discourse of Lebanese Christians, and the discourse of Muslims of the Balkans. It also shows that the novel focuses on the marginalized voices and the victims of sectarian violence and governance, whose representatives are on one side, imprisoned Druze, and by the other, Hanna Yacoub and his family. The novel tries to provide a positive image of Druze, contrary to official discourse of Ottoman Empire.


Keywords
Druze of Belgrade
Rabee Jaber
New Historicism
Novel
Discourse
الجبوري، سامي شهاب أحمد و سهی يونس سلمان الجبوري، (2018). في النقد و الأدب، عمان: دارغيداء.
الجبوري، سامي شهاب أحمد و سهی يونس سلمان الجبوري، (2018). في النقد و الأدب، عمان: دارغيداء.
حسون، علی، (1994). تاریخ الدولة العثمانية و علاقاتها الخارجية، ط3، بیروت: المکتب الإسلامي.
حسون، علی، (1994). تاریخ الدولة العثمانية و علاقاتها الخارجية، ط3، بیروت: المکتب الإسلامي.
الحسيني، أحمد عبدالرزاق ناصر، (2017)، «المضمر و الظاهر في رواية حجاب العروس للروائي محمد الحمراني؛ مقاربة في التاريخانية الجديدة» ، مجلة الأستاذ، العدد 222. صص 240-225
الحسيني، أحمد عبدالرزاق ناصر، (2017)، «المضمر و الظاهر في رواية حجاب العروس للروائي محمد الحمراني؛ مقاربة في التاريخانية الجديدة» ، مجلة الأستاذ، العدد 222. صص 240-225
حمداوي، جميل، (لاتا). نظريات النقد الأدبي في مرحلة الحداثة و مابعدالحداثة، بيروت: مؤسسة المثقف العربي.
حمداوي، جميل، (لاتا). نظريات النقد الأدبي في مرحلة الحداثة و مابعدالحداثة، بيروت: مؤسسة المثقف العربي.
الدیب، مسعد محمد، (1998)، القصة التاریخية الإسلامية في مصر، الطبعة الأولی، القاهرة،
الدیب، مسعد محمد، (1998)، القصة التاریخية الإسلامية في مصر، الطبعة الأولی، القاهرة،
الرويلي ميجان و سعد البازعي، (2005). دليل الناقد الأدبي، ط4، الدار البيضاء، المرکز الثقافي العربي.
الرويلي ميجان و سعد البازعي، (2005). دليل الناقد الأدبي، ط4، الدار البيضاء، المرکز الثقافي العربي.
الصلابي، علي محمد محمد، (2001). الدولة العثمانية، ط1، بورسیعد: دارالتوزیع و النشر الإسلامية.
الصلابي، علي محمد محمد، (2001). الدولة العثمانية، ط1، بورسیعد: دارالتوزیع و النشر الإسلامية.
اصغری، جواد (1391). «نوآوری های فرمی در آثار داستانی ربيع جابر»، مجله زبان و ادبيات عربی، شماره هفتم، پاييز و زمستان، صص 44-27.
اصغری، جواد (1391). «نوآوری های فرمی در آثار داستانی ربيع جابر»، مجله زبان و ادبيات عربی، شماره هفتم، پاييز و زمستان، صص 44-27.
بابا زاده فومشی، بهنام میرزا، خجسته پور، آدینه (1392)، «ابهام زدایی از نقد نوپای تاریخ گرایی نو در ایران با نگاهی به پژوهشهای انجام شده»، نقد ادبی، سال 6، شماره 22، صص 28-7.
بابا زاده فومشی، بهنام میرزا، خجسته پور، آدینه (1392)، «ابهام زدایی از نقد نوپای تاریخ گرایی نو در ایران با نگاهی به پژوهشهای انجام شده»، نقد ادبی، سال 6، شماره 22، صص 28-7.
بابا زاده فومشی، بهنام میرزا، خجسته پور، آدینه، (1394)، «خوانش متفاوت متون کلاسیک فارسی در پرتو تاریخ گرایی نو، متن پژوهی ادبی»، سال 19، ش 63، صص 180-161.
بابا زاده فومشی، بهنام میرزا، خجسته پور، آدینه، (1394)، «خوانش متفاوت متون کلاسیک فارسی در پرتو تاریخ گرایی نو، متن پژوهی ادبی»، سال 19، ش 63، صص 180-161.
برسلر، چالرز، (1393). درآمدی بر نظريه ها و روشهای نقد ادبی، چ3، تهران: نيلوفر.
برسلر، چالرز، (1393). درآمدی بر نظريه ها و روشهای نقد ادبی، چ3، تهران: نيلوفر.
پاینده، حسین، (1397). نظریه و نقد ادبی، جلد اول، چ1، تهران: سمت.
پاینده، حسین، (1397). نظریه و نقد ادبی، جلد اول، چ1، تهران: سمت.
تايسن، ليس، (1392).نظريه های نقد ادبی معاصر، مازيار حسن زاده، فاطمه حسينی، چ 2، تهران: نگاه امروز، حکايت قلم نوين.
تايسن، ليس، (1392).نظريه های نقد ادبی معاصر، مازيار حسن زاده، فاطمه حسينی، چ 2، تهران: نگاه امروز، حکايت قلم نوين.
جابر، ربیع، (2011). دروز بلغراد؛ حکاية حنا یعقوب، ط1، بیروت: دارالآداب، الدارالبیضاء، المرکز الثقافي العربي.
جابر، ربیع، (2011). دروز بلغراد؛ حکاية حنا یعقوب، ط1، بیروت: دارالآداب، الدارالبیضاء، المرکز الثقافي العربي.
رضوانیان، قدسیه، (1393)، «تاریخ گرایی نو (بررسی کتاب تاریخ بیهقی در بوته نقد جدید)»، نقد ادبی، ش 25، صص 230-211.
رضوانیان، قدسیه، (1393)، «تاریخ گرایی نو (بررسی کتاب تاریخ بیهقی در بوته نقد جدید)»، نقد ادبی، ش 25، صص 230-211.
شاو، استانفورد جی وازل کورال شاو، (1370). تاريخ امپراتوری عثماني و ترکيه جديد، ترجمه محمود رمضان زاده، ج2، چ1،مشهد: انتشارات آستان قدس رضوی.
شاو، استانفورد جی وازل کورال شاو، (1370). تاريخ امپراتوری عثماني و ترکيه جديد، ترجمه محمود رمضان زاده، ج2، چ1،مشهد: انتشارات آستان قدس رضوی.
عزاوی، قیس جواد، (1384)، «قیموت غربی ها بر اقلیتهای دینی، عاملی در فروپاشی دولت عثمانی»، حامد منتظری مقدم، تاریخ اسلام در آیینه پژوهش، شماره 6، صص 224-195
عزاوی، قیس جواد، (1384)، «قیموت غربی ها بر اقلیتهای دینی، عاملی در فروپاشی دولت عثمانی»، حامد منتظری مقدم، تاریخ اسلام در آیینه پژوهش، شماره 6، صص 224-195
مکاريک، ايرنا ريما، (1385). دانشنامه نظريه ادبي معاصر، مهران مهاجر و محمد نبوی،چ2، تهران: نشر آگه.
مکاريک، ايرنا ريما، (1385). دانشنامه نظريه ادبي معاصر، مهران مهاجر و محمد نبوی،چ2، تهران: نشر آگه.
لوتسکي، ولاديمير باراسوويچ، (1379). تاريخ جديد کشورهاي عربي، رفيع رفيعي، چ1،تهران: انتشارات علمي و فرهنگي.
لوتسکي، ولاديمير باراسوويچ، (1379). تاريخ جديد کشورهاي عربي، رفيع رفيعي، چ1،تهران: انتشارات علمي و فرهنگي.
ياغي، اسماعيل أحمد، (1389). دولت عثماني از اقتدار تا انحلال، ترجمه رسول جعفريان، چ 6، تهران: پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه.
ياغي، اسماعيل أحمد، (1389). دولت عثماني از اقتدار تا انحلال، ترجمه رسول جعفريان، چ 6، تهران: پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه.
Asghari, Javad. (2012). Formal innovations in Rabee Jaber’s works. The journal of Arabic language and literature. No 7, pp 27-44.
Asghari, Javad. (2012). Formal innovations in Rabee Jaber’s works. The journal of Arabic language and literature. No 7, pp 27-44.
Al-Joboori. Sami Shehab Ahmad& Soha Yones Salma Al-Joboori. (2018). about Literature and criticism. first edition. Oman: Dar Al-ghaida publishing (in Arabic)
Al-Joboori. Sami Shehab Ahmad& Soha Yones Salma Al-Joboori. (2018). about Literature and criticism. first edition. Oman: Dar Al-ghaida publishing (in Arabic)
Al-Hossaini, Ahmad Abd Al-razzagh Nasir (2017). The hidden and clear in the novel Hijab of the bride by Mohammad Al-Hamrani. the journal of Ostad. No 222, pp 225-240. (In Arabic)
Al-Hossaini, Ahmad Abd Al-razzagh Nasir (2017). The hidden and clear in the novel Hijab of the bride by Mohammad Al-Hamrani. the journal of Ostad. No 222, pp 225-240. (In Arabic)
Al-Salabi. Mohammad Mohammad (2001). The Ottoman Empire. First edition. first edition. Port Said. Dar Al-Tawzie Al-Islamiya. (In Arabic)
Al-Salabi. Mohammad Mohammad (2001). The Ottoman Empire. First edition. first edition. Port Said. Dar Al-Tawzie Al-Islamiya. (In Arabic)
Azavi. Qais Javad (2005). Guardianship of Westerns on religious minorities as a factor in the collapse of Ottoman Empire. translated by Hamed Montazeri Moghaddam. the journal of history of Islam, No 6. pp 195-224.
Azavi. Qais Javad (2005). Guardianship of Westerns on religious minorities as a factor in the collapse of Ottoman Empire. translated by Hamed Montazeri Moghaddam. the journal of history of Islam, No 6. pp 195-224.
Babazadeh Fomeshi, Behnam Mirza ; Adineh Khojastehpour; Different Readings of Classical Persian Texts According to New Historicism; Literary text research
Babazadeh Fomeshi, Behnam Mirza ; Adineh Khojastehpour; Different Readings of Classical Persian Texts According to New Historicism; Literary text research
Volume 19, Issue 63, Summer 2015. (In Persian)
Volume 19, Issue 63, Summer 2015. (In Persian)
Babazadeh Fomeshi, Behnam Mirza ; Adineh Khojastehpour
Babazadeh Fomeshi, Behnam Mirza ; Adineh Khojastehpour
Clarifying New Historicism through a Critical Look at the Papers Applying the Approach in Iran, literary criticism, vol 6. No 22. 2013 (In Persian)
Clarifying New Historicism through a Critical Look at the Papers Applying the Approach in Iran, literary criticism, vol 6. No 22. 2013 (In Persian)
Bressler. Charles (2014). an introduction to the theory and practice. Translated by Mustafa abedini fard third edition. Tehran. Niloofar publishing. (In Persian)
Bressler. Charles (2014). an introduction to the theory and practice. Translated by Mustafa abedini fard third edition. Tehran. Niloofar publishing. (In Persian)
Hasson, Ali (1994), the history of Ottoman Empire and its foreign relations, third edition, Beirut: Al- maktab al-islami publishing. (In Arabic)
Hasson, Ali (1994), the history of Ottoman Empire and its foreign relations, third edition, Beirut: Al- maktab al-islami publishing. (In Arabic)
Jaber. Rabee. (2011). Druze of Belgrade. first edition. Beirut. Dar Al-Adab. Casablanca: Almarkaz al-saghafi alarabi. (In Arabic)
Jaber. Rabee. (2011). Druze of Belgrade. first edition. Beirut. Dar Al-Adab. Casablanca: Almarkaz al-saghafi alarabi. (In Arabic)
Jameel Hamdavi. (n.d.). literary theories in the modern and postmodern period. Beirut. Mosaghghaf Al-Arabi publishing. (In Arabic)
Jameel Hamdavi. (n.d.). literary theories in the modern and postmodern period. Beirut. Mosaghghaf Al-Arabi publishing. (In Arabic)
Rezvanian, Qodsiye, New Historicism, Literary criticism, Vol.7. No 25. 2014 (In Persian)
Rezvanian, Qodsiye, New Historicism, Literary criticism, Vol.7. No 25. 2014 (In Persian)
Shaw, J Stanford & Ezel kural shaw (1991). History of Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. Translated by Mohammad Ramezan zade. First edition. Mashhad. Astane GHods publishing. (In Persian).
Shaw, J Stanford & Ezel kural shaw (1991). History of Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. Translated by Mohammad Ramezan zade. First edition. Mashhad. Astane GHods publishing. (In Persian).
Tyson, Lois (2013), Critical Theory Today, translated by Mazyar Hassan Zade & Fateme Hossini, second edition. Tehran ;Negahe Emrooz& Ghalam Zarrin publishing. (In Persian)
Tyson, Lois (2013), Critical Theory Today, translated by Mazyar Hassan Zade & Fateme Hossini, second edition. Tehran ;Negahe Emrooz& Ghalam Zarrin publishing. (In Persian)
Lutsky. Vladimir. (2000). The new history of Arabic countries. Translated by Rafi Rafiey. First edition. Tehran. Elmi and Farhangi publishing. (In Persian)
Lutsky. Vladimir. (2000). The new history of Arabic countries. Translated by Rafi Rafiey. First edition. Tehran. Elmi and Farhangi publishing. (In Persian)
Makaryk. Irena Rima. (2006). Encyclopedia of contemporary literary theory. Translated by Mehran Mohajer & Mohammad Nabavi. second edition, Tehran: Agah publishing. (In Persian)
Makaryk. Irena Rima. (2006). Encyclopedia of contemporary literary theory. Translated by Mehran Mohajer & Mohammad Nabavi. second edition, Tehran: Agah publishing. (In Persian)
Payande. Hossein.(2018). The Theory and literary criticism, first edition. Tehran: Samt publishing. (In Persian)
Payande. Hossein.(2018). The Theory and literary criticism, first edition. Tehran: Samt publishing. (In Persian)
Yaghi. Ismaeil Ahmad. (2010). The Ottoman Empire from power to collapse. Translated by Rasool Jafarian. 6th edition. Tehran. Institute of Hawzeh and Daneshgah. (In Persian)
Yaghi. Ismaeil Ahmad. (2010). The Ottoman Empire from power to collapse. Translated by Rasool Jafarian. 6th edition. Tehran. Institute of Hawzeh and Daneshgah. (In Persian)
Asghari, Javad. (2012). Formal innovations in Rabee Jaber’s works. The journal of Arabic language and literature. No 7, pp 27-44.
Asghari, Javad. (2012). Formal innovations in Rabee Jaber’s works. The journal of Arabic language and literature. No 7, pp 27-44.
Al-Joboori. Sami Shehab Ahmad& Soha Yones Salma Al-Joboori. (2018). about Literature and criticism. first edition. Oman: Dar Al-ghaida publishing (in Arabic)
Al-Joboori. Sami Shehab Ahmad& Soha Yones Salma Al-Joboori. (2018). about Literature and criticism. first edition. Oman: Dar Al-ghaida publishing (in Arabic)
Al-Hossaini, Ahmad Abd Al-razzagh Nasir (2017). The hidden and clear in the novel Hijab of the bride by Mohammad Al-Hamrani. the journal of Ostad. No 222, pp 225-240. (In Arabic)
Al-Hossaini, Ahmad Abd Al-razzagh Nasir (2017). The hidden and clear in the novel Hijab of the bride by Mohammad Al-Hamrani. the journal of Ostad. No 222, pp 225-240. (In Arabic)
Al-Salabi. Mohammad Mohammad (2001). The Ottoman Empire. First edition. first edition. Port Said. Dar Al-Tawzie Al-Islamiya. (In Arabic)
Al-Salabi. Mohammad Mohammad (2001). The Ottoman Empire. First edition. first edition. Port Said. Dar Al-Tawzie Al-Islamiya. (In Arabic)
Azavi. Qais Javad (2005). Guardianship of Westerns on religious minorities as a factor in the collapse of Ottoman Empire. translated by Hamed Montazeri Moghaddam. the journal of history of Islam, No 6. pp 195-224.
Azavi. Qais Javad (2005). Guardianship of Westerns on religious minorities as a factor in the collapse of Ottoman Empire. translated by Hamed Montazeri Moghaddam. the journal of history of Islam, No 6. pp 195-224.
Babazadeh Fomeshi, Behnam Mirza ; Adineh Khojastehpour; Different Readings of Classical Persian Texts According to New Historicism; Literary text research
Babazadeh Fomeshi, Behnam Mirza ; Adineh Khojastehpour; Different Readings of Classical Persian Texts According to New Historicism; Literary text research
Volume 19, Issue 63, Summer 2015. (In Persian)
Volume 19, Issue 63, Summer 2015. (In Persian)
Babazadeh Fomeshi, Behnam Mirza ; Adineh Khojastehpour
Babazadeh Fomeshi, Behnam Mirza ; Adineh Khojastehpour
Clarifying New Historicism through a Critical Look at the Papers Applying the Approach in Iran, literary criticism, vol 6. No 22. 2013 (In Persian)
Clarifying New Historicism through a Critical Look at the Papers Applying the Approach in Iran, literary criticism, vol 6. No 22. 2013 (In Persian)
Bressler. Charles (2014). an introduction to the theory and practice. Translated by Mustafa abedini fard third edition. Tehran. Niloofar publishing. (In Persian)
Bressler. Charles (2014). an introduction to the theory and practice. Translated by Mustafa abedini fard third edition. Tehran. Niloofar publishing. (In Persian)
Hasson, Ali (1994), the history of Ottoman Empire and its foreign relations, third edition, Beirut: Al- maktab al-islami publishing. (In Arabic)
Hasson, Ali (1994), the history of Ottoman Empire and its foreign relations, third edition, Beirut: Al- maktab al-islami publishing. (In Arabic)
Jaber. Rabee. (2011). Druze of Belgrade. first edition. Beirut. Dar Al-Adab. Casablanca: Almarkaz al-saghafi alarabi. (In Arabic)
Jaber. Rabee. (2011). Druze of Belgrade. first edition. Beirut. Dar Al-Adab. Casablanca: Almarkaz al-saghafi alarabi. (In Arabic)
Jameel Hamdavi. (n.d.). literary theories in the modern and postmodern period. Beirut. Mosaghghaf Al-Arabi publishing. (In Arabic)
Jameel Hamdavi. (n.d.). literary theories in the modern and postmodern period. Beirut. Mosaghghaf Al-Arabi publishing. (In Arabic)
Rezvanian, Qodsiye, New Historicism, Literary criticism, Vol.7. No 25. 2014 (In Persian)
Rezvanian, Qodsiye, New Historicism, Literary criticism, Vol.7. No 25. 2014 (In Persian)
Shaw, J Stanford & Ezel kural shaw (1991). History of Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. Translated by Mohammad Ramezan zade. First edition. Mashhad. Astane GHods publishing. (In Persian).
Shaw, J Stanford & Ezel kural shaw (1991). History of Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. Translated by Mohammad Ramezan zade. First edition. Mashhad. Astane GHods publishing. (In Persian).
Tyson, Lois (2013), Critical Theory Today, translated by Mazyar Hassan Zade & Fateme Hossini, second edition. Tehran ;Negahe Emrooz& Ghalam Zarrin publishing. (In Persian)
Tyson, Lois (2013), Critical Theory Today, translated by Mazyar Hassan Zade & Fateme Hossini, second edition. Tehran ;Negahe Emrooz& Ghalam Zarrin publishing. (In Persian)
Lutsky. Vladimir. (2000). The new history of Arabic countries. Translated by Rafi Rafiey. First edition. Tehran. Elmi and Farhangi publishing. (In Persian)
Lutsky. Vladimir. (2000). The new history of Arabic countries. Translated by Rafi Rafiey. First edition. Tehran. Elmi and Farhangi publishing. (In Persian)
Makaryk. Irena Rima. (2006). Encyclopedia of contemporary literary theory. Translated by Mehran Mohajer & Mohammad Nabavi. second edition, Tehran: Agah publishing. (In Persian)
Makaryk. Irena Rima. (2006). Encyclopedia of contemporary literary theory. Translated by Mehran Mohajer & Mohammad Nabavi. second edition, Tehran: Agah publishing. (In Persian)
Payande. Hossein.(2018). The Theory and literary criticism, first edition. Tehran: Samt publishing. (In Persian)
Payande. Hossein.(2018). The Theory and literary criticism, first edition. Tehran: Samt publishing. (In Persian)
Yaghi. Ismaeil Ahmad. (2010). The Ottoman Empire from power to collapse. Translated by Rasool Jafarian. 6th edition. Tehran. Institute of Hawzeh and Daneshgah. (In Persian)
Yaghi. Ismaeil Ahmad. (2010). The Ottoman Empire from power to collapse. Translated by Rasool Jafarian. 6th edition. Tehran. Institute of Hawzeh and Daneshgah. (In Persian)
Studies in the Arabic Geosciences
Volume 3, Issue 1 - Serial Number 5
Spring 2022
Pages 233-254