قراءة فرويدية لرواية «وكان مساءً» لعبد الحميد جودة السحّار في ضوء نظرية النموذج البنيوي للشخصية

Freud's theory of personality structure encompasses the id, the ego, and the superego. Every human being is defined by these three elements—the id, the ego, and the superego—which shape complex human behavior. Fiction can bear a close relationship to Freudian theory, given its capacity to reflect a diverse array of characters within its imagined worlds. One storyteller who has clearly highlighted these three dimensions in his characters is Abdel-Hamid Goudat al-Sahhar. Accordingly, the present study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the novel *Wa-Kāna Masā’* through the lens of Freudian theory. The significance of this research lies in the fact that Freud’s structural model facilitates a deeper understanding of the inner layers of human personality. Given that human behavior arises from the interplay between the id, the ego, and the superego, analyzing this tripartite structure helps elucidate the roots of numerous behavioral conflicts and complexities, thereby providing a suitable framework for the scientific study of human personality. The study’s key findings indicate that Sahhar places the story’s characters in situations of opposition and conflict—a dynamic that aligns with Freud’s personality model of the id, ego, and superego.
The conflict between the elements of the id and the superego is prominent in the story; the ego, acting as a mediator, seeks to resolve this conflict and establish a balance between these elements, whereby its functioning and mechanisms suppress the stress within the id and align it with the superego.