Traits of the Feminine Character in the Novel Birds of September by Emily Nasrallah

This study analyzes the characters in the novel Birds of September by Emily Nasrallah, highlighting the social and cultural challenges faced by women in Lebanese society during the 1960s. The research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, with the study's focus on psychological criticism, to examine how the main and secondary characters embody the concepts of freedom and injustice, as well as the psychological and social developments that these characters undergo within the context of the events. The novel portrays the struggles of women through characters such as Mona, who represents the desire for self-realization and the breaking of imposed constraints, making her a voice for a generation yearning for change. Secondary characters, including Marsal, Mariam, Naima, and Najla, present diverse experiences that reflect the conflicts between love and freedom, as well as hope and despair. The relationships among the characters are intricately intertwined, influencing the progression of events and situations. The relationship between Mona and her mother illustrates emotional support that contributes to the formation of her identity, while her relationship with her father reflects a struggle between traditional values and modern aspirations. The friendships, such as that between Mona and Marsal, emphasize the importance of solidarity and support in facing challenges. Ultimately, Birds of September is a literary work that contributes to raising awareness about women’s issues and accurately reflects their social and cultural realities, thereby opening the door for dialogue about their challenges and concerns in society.