عنوان المقالة English
المؤلفون English
Personality psychology, with its broad definitions of personality, includes various approaches, one of which is the behaviorist approach, which addresses personality through learning and interaction with the environment. One of the pioneers of this approach is Skinner, who views personality as a set of observable and learned behaviors shaped through reinforcement, conditioning, and other environmental factors. The novel Two Women in One by Nawal El Saadawi, an Egyptian feminist writer, focuses on a girl’s struggle to free herself from superstitions and achieve independence. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this research attempts to examine the character of Bahiyah in the novel by applying B.F. Skinner’s behaviorist theory and focusing on environmental factors. The results indicate that components such as operant conditioning, reinforcement, punishment, superstitious behavior, and verbal stimuli play a decisive role in shaping Bahiyah’s reactions. Operant conditioning shows that Bahiyah’s behaviors are learned and reinforced based on their consequences. Both positive and negative reinforcement also play an effective role in the repetition of her dependent and attention-seeking behaviors. By preventing the emergence of undesirable behaviors or Bahiyah’s identity-related questions, verbal punishments help gradually guide her toward acceptable behaviors. Superstitious behaviors cause her to detach from reality and disrupt her rational evaluation. The component of verbal behavior indicates that language can act as an effective stimulus in shaping behavior. Finally, self-regulation of behavior reflects the direct relationship between environmental stimuli and an individual’s behavioral responses. In interaction with the environment, Bahiyah learns specific behavioral patterns that mirror the direct effect of external conditions on her psyche.
الكلمات الرئيسية English
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