دراسة نفسية لشخصية خديجة في رواية "بين القصرين"؛ على ضوء "شجرة أسلوب الحياة" لألفرد آدلر

المؤلفون
علی اکبر نورسیده
مدیحه کریمی
دانشگاه سمنان
المستخلص
تتميّز الرواية بفضل ما تتمتّع به من السعة والامتداد، بقدرة أكبر على تمثيل المظاهر السياسية والاجتماعية والثقافية والنفسية للمجتمع مقارنة بالأساليب السردية الأخرى؛ من هذا المنطلق، يوجد السياق اللازم لتوظيف التقنيات الأدبية بغية الكشف عن الأبنية الدالة على السلطة والتروما الفردية والاجتماعية الناجمة عنها. وإنّ كلّ ذلك أدّى إلى تشكيل علاقة وثيقة بين الأدب والعلوم الأخرى كعلم النفس. وفي هذا الصدد، كان تحليل الأعمال الأدبية على يد "سيغموند فرويد" أداة فاعلة لفهم اللاوعي الفردي والجماعي؛ ممّا مهّد الطريق لعلماء النفس الآخرين، وبالتالي حذو حذوه واقتفوا أثره، وكان من بينهم "ألفرد آدلر" الذي قدّم نظرياته متوجّهاً إلى الأعمال الأدبية. تُعد نظریة شجرة أسلوب الحياة عند ألفرد آدلر أداة تحليلية لدراسة البنية الشخصية للفرد في سياقها الإجتماعي والثقافي، وتُبیّن أسلوب الحياة بناءً علی جذور هذه الشجرة وجذعها وفروعها. وفي هذا الصدد، تسعى هذه الدراسة، من خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، إلى شخصية "خديجة" في رواية "بين القصرين" لنجيب محفوظ استناداً إلى هذه النظرية، وتهدف بشكل خاص إلى تقييم تأثير مواقف الوالدين وسماتها الجسدية على أسلوب حياتها. تُشیر نتائج الدراسة إلى أن أسلوب حياة شخصية "خديجة" قد تشكّل تحت تأثير البنية الأبوية للمجتمع وتقبّل التمییز الجندري. وقد دفعها هذا الأمر نحو السعي للتفوّق والسیطرة، الأمر الذي أدى، بالإضافة إلى تعويضها للشعور بالدونية، إلى عزلة اجتماعية وتفاقم أعراض اضطرابات الشخصية لديها. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن عدم توافق مظهرها مع معايير الجمال السائدة في المجتمع قد تسبب في تكوين مفهوم ذات سلبي لديها وشعور بالحسد. هذا الفقدان للثقة بالنفس قادها إلى سلوكيات تعويضية كالسيطرة، والقبول غير المشروط للآخر من الجنس الآخر، سعیاً منها لتحقیق شعور بالانتماء الاجتماعي.
الكلمات الرئيسية
التحليل النفسي
ألفرد آدلر
شجرة أسلوب الحياة
نجيب محفوظ
بين القصرين
شخصیة خديجة

عنوان المقالة English

A Psychoanalysis of the Character Khadija in the Novel Bayn al-Qasrayn Based on Alfred Adler’s “Tree of Lifestyles”

المؤلفون English

Aliakbar Noresideh
Madiheh Karimi
Semnan University
المستخلص English

The novel, due to its expansive nature, possesses a greater capacity than other narrative forms to represent the political, social, cultural, and psychological dimensions of society; hence, the necessary groundwork exists for employing literary subtleties to expose power structures as well as the individual and social traumas arising from them. This has led to an inseparable link between literature and other sciences, including psychology. In this regard, the analysis of literary works by Sigmund Freud, aimed at understanding the individual and collective unconscious, paved the way for other psychologists, such that some of them, including Alfred Adler, presented their theories based on literary works. Adler’s theory of the “Lifestyle Tree”, as an analytical tool, examines the personality structure of the individual within the social and cultural context and elucidates lifestyle based on the roots, trunk, and branches of this tree. In line with this, the present research, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to analyze the character of Khadija in Bayn al-Qasrayn by Naguib Mahfouz based on this theory, and specifically, to evaluate the impact of her parents’ attitudes and her physical characteristics on her lifestyle. The results of the research indicate that the lifestyle of the character Khadija has been shaped under the influence of the patriarchal structure of society and the acceptance of gender discrimination. This has driven her toward superiority-seeking and dominance, which, while compensating for feelings of inferiority, has led to social isolation and the intensification of symptoms of personality disorders. Moreover, the mismatch between her appearance and society’s beauty standards has led to the formation of a negative self-concept and jealousy. This lack of self-confidence has pushed her toward compensatory behaviors such as domineering and the unconditional acceptance of the opposite sex in order to achieve a sense of social belonging.

الكلمات الرئيسية English

Psychoanalysis
Alfred Adler
Lifestyle Tree
Arabic
Najib Mahfouz
Between the two palaces
Character of Khadija
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